A Printed Dipole Array with Bidirectional Endfire Radiation for Tunnel Communication.

Tianfan Xu, Mengchi Xu, Haitao Lu, Xiao Cai

Open access · goldAbstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

0.1field-weighted citation impact, top 54% of its field

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.

A Wideband Water-Based 3D-Printed Reflect-Transmit Antenna Array Toward mmWave Positioning Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
Article

4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Tianfan XuResearch Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.

Mengchi XuResearch Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.

Haitao LuResearch Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.

Xiao CaiResearch Center of Applied Electromagnetics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.ORCID 0000-0001-7987-8155

Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology · CN

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 62101276Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China 21KJB510002

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tunnel communication always suffers from path loss and multipath effects caused by surrounding walls. Meanwhile, the traditional leaky coaxial cables are expensive to deploy, inconvenient to operate, and difficult to maintain, leading to many problems in practical use. To solve the abovementioned problems, a low-profile printed dipole array operating at 3.5 GHz with bidirectional endfire radiation is designed based on the method of maximum power transmission efficiency (MMPTE). By setting two virtual test receiving dipoles at the two opposite endfire directions and then maximizing the power transmission efficiency between the printed dipole array to be designed and the test receiving antennas, the optimal amplitudes and phases for the array elements are obtained. Based on the optimal distributions of excitations, the simulation results show that the proposed eight-element printed dipole array can simultaneously generate two mirrored endfire beams towards opposite directions. Furthermore, the corresponding normalized cross-polarization levels are lower than -22.3 dBi both in the azimuth and elevation planes. The peak endfire gain is 10.7 dBi with maintenance of higher than 10 dBi from 3.23 GHz to 3.66 GHz, which is suitable for tunnel communication.

Indexed as

bidirectional endfire radiationmethod of the maximum power transmission efficiencyprinted dipole arraytunnel communication

Identifiers

PMID38005526

DOI10.3390/s23229137

PMCPMC10674473

OpenAlexW4388634813

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LicenceCC BY

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.