Observational studyNutrients2023
Mothers' Breast Milk Composition and Their Respective Infant's Gut Microbiota Differ between Five Distinct Rural and Urban Regions in Vietnam.
Observational study in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-life microbiota exposure and prevention of childhood asthma: immunological mechanisms and intervention perspectives.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Review
- Early life gut microbiome and its impact on childhood health and chronic conditions.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Cesarean section and socioeconomic status are associated with Bifidobacterium abundance and intestinal physiology: observations from a cross-sectional study in formula-fed infants.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Double-Edged Sword: Urbanization and Response of Amniote Gut Microbiome in the Anthropocene.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Neonatal Gut Mycobiome: Immunity, Diversity of Fungal Strains, and Individual and Non-Individual Factors.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Rural Versus Urban Mothers' Microbiome Difference and Its Effect on Neonates: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microbiota colonization and development in early life is impacted by various host intrinsic (genetic) factors, but also diet, lifestyle, as well as environmental and residential factors upon and after birth. To characterize the impact of maternal nutrition and environmental factors on vaginally born infant gut microbiota composition, we performed an observational study in five distinct geographical areas in Vietnam. Fecal samples of infants (around 39 days old) and fecal and breast milk samples of their mothers (around 28 years) were collected. The microbiota composition of all samples was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and a bioinformatics workflow based on QIIME. In addition, various breast milk components were determined. Strong associations between the geographically determined maternal diet and breast milk composition as well as infant fecal microbiota were revealed. Most notable was the association of urban Ha Noi with relatively high abundances of taxa considered pathobionts, such as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.