Optimization Strategies to Adapt Sheep Breeding Programs to Pasture-Based Production Environments: A Simulation Study.

Strong differences between the selection (indoor fattening) and production environment (pasture fattening) are expected to reduce genetic gain due to possible genotype-by-environment interactions (G × E). To investigate how to adapt a sheep breeding program to a pasture-based production environment, different scenarios were simulated for the German Merino sheep population using the R package Modular Breeding Program Simulator (MoBPS). All relevant selection steps and a multivariate pedigree-based BLUP breeding value estimation were included. The reference scenario included progeny testing at stations to evaluate the fattening performance and carcass traits. It was compared to alternative scenarios varying in the progeny testing scheme for fattening traits (station and/or field). The total merit index (TMI) set pasture-based lamb fattening as a breeding goal, i.e., field fattening traits were weighted. Regarding the TMI, the scenario with progeny testing both in the field and on station led to a significant increase in genetic gain compared with the reference scenario. Regarding fattening traits, genetic gain was significantly increased in the alternative scenarios in which field progeny testing was performed. In the presence of G × E, the study showed that the selection environment should match the production environment (pasture) to avoid losses in genetic gain. As most breeding goals also contain traits not recordable in field testing, the combination of both field and station testing is required to maximize genetic gain.