ReviewChildren (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Pediatric Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome: A Comprehensive Approach to Diagnosis, Management, and Complications Utilizing Novel Summarizing Acronyms.
Review in Children (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Case Report of Overlap of Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State in a 5-Year-Old with New-Onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic and Management Considerations.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- A narrative review of the diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state overlap syndrome.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Psychometric Properties of the Serbian Teen Version of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale-A Validation Study.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2025Article
- Advances in Childhood Diabetes.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State as a First Presentation of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This paper focuses on hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome (HHS), a unique hyperglycemic state requiring divergent diagnosis and treatment approaches from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) despite some shared characteristics. We introduce the mnemonic DI-FF-ER-EN-CE-S to encapsulate unique HHS management and complications. 'DI' emphasizes the need to delay and decrease initial insulin therapy until serum glucose decline is managed by fluid resuscitation alone. 'FF' stresses the importance of double fluid replacement compared to DKA due to severe dehydration and 'ER' electrolyte replacement due to profound losses and imbalances. 'EN' denotes the potential for encephalopathy and the requirement for a controlled serum osmolality reduction. 'CE' indicates cerebral edema, a rare complication in HHS. 'S' signifies systemic multiorgan failure. We categorize the associated risks into three mnemonic groups: the 3Rs (renal failure, respiratory distress, rhabdomyolysis), the 3Hs (heart failure, hypercoagulation, hyperthermia), and AP (arrhythmias, pancreatitis) to facilitate awareness and screening of HHS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.