Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38001416›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2023

Estimated cardiorespiratory fitness and incident risk of cardiovascular disease in China.

Yuanjiao Liu, Jinghan Zhu, Ziye Guo, Jiazhou Yu, Xuhui Zhang, Huiqing Ge, Yimin Zhu

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07275619 (Normative Data for Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Adults Using the Queen's College Step Test), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07275619 enrolling by invitationnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Normative Data for Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Adults Using the Queen's College Step Test

TypeobservationalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled800ConditionsHealthy Adults
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Estimated Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Metabolic Risks.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Yuanjiao Liu *Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Jinghan Zhu *The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Ziye GuoThe Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Jiazhou YuJockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Xuhui ZhangHangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China. 994028847@qq.com.
Huiqing GeDepartment of Respiratory Care of Sir Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China. gehq@zju.edu.cn.
Yimin ZhuDepartment of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. zhuym@zju.edu.cn.
Zhejiang University · CNSouthern Medical University · CNChinese University of Hong Kong · CNHangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLimited evidence is available on the association between estimated cardiorespiratory fitness (e-CRF) and incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Chinese population.

methodsA total of 10,507 adults including 5084 men (48.4%) and 5423 (51.6%) women with a median age of 56.0 (25% quantile: 49, 75% quantile 63) years from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) was recruited in 2011 as baseline. The CVD incident events were followed-up until 2018. e-CRF was calculated from sex-specific longitudinal non-exercise equations and further grouped into quartiles. Cox proportional models were used to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for incidence risks of CVD, heart disease and stroke.

resultsDuring a median follow-up of 7 years, a total of 1862 CVD, 1409 heart disease and 612 stroke events occurred. In fully adjusted models, each one MET increment of e-CRF was associated with lower risk of CVD (HR = 0.91, 95%CI = 0.85-0.96 for males, HR = 0.87, 95%CI = 0.81-0.94 for females). Compared with the Quartile (Q)1 group, the HRs (95%CI) of the Q2, Q3 and Q4 groups were 0.84 (0.63-1.03), 0.72 (0.57-0.91) and 0.66 (0.51-0.87) for CVD in males. Females had HRs of 0.79 (0.66-0.96) in Q2, 0.71 (0.57-0.88) in Q3 and 0.58 (0.45-0.75) in Q4 for CVD. The associations between e-CRF and heart disease and stroke were slightly weaker than that for CVD in both males and females.

conclusionsHigher e-CRF decreases the incident risk of CVD, heart disease and stroke.

Indexed as

Cardiorespiratory FitnessCardiovascular DiseasesHeart DiseasesStrokeAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPhysical FitnessRisk FactorsCardiorespiratory fitnessHeart diseaseNon-exercise testingProspective cohort studyStroke

Identifiers

PMID38001416
PMCPMC10675970
OpenAlexW4388966636

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.