Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38000881›Full record

ReviewThe Lancet. Public health2023

Adding new childhood vaccines to China's National Immunization Program: evidence, benefits, and priorities.

Haijun Zhang, Xiaozhen Lai, Bryan N Patenaude, Mark Jit, Hai Fang

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in The Lancet. Public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
8.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.

Haijun ZhangDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; International Vaccine Access Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Xiaozhen LaiDepartment of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bryan N PatenaudeInternational Vaccine Access Center, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Mark JitDepartment of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, and Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
Hai FangChina Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Peking University Health Science Center-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Joint Research Center for Vaccine Economics, Peking University, Beijing, China. Electronic address: hfang@hsc.pku.edu.cn.
Johns Hopkins University · USLondon School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine · GBPeking University · CNUniversity of Oxford · GB

Funding

World Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

China's National Immunization Program has made remarkable achievements but does not include several important childhood vaccines that are readily available in the private market, such as pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), rotavirus vaccine, Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) vaccine, and varicella vaccine. We reviewed the literature to assess these four non-National Immunization Program vaccines in terms of their disease burdens, coverage, inequalities, and cost-effectiveness in China and aimed to recommend priorities for introducing them to the National Immunization Program. Based on our calculations using the available evidence, incorporating these vaccines into China's National Immunization Program in 2019 could have averted 11 761 deaths among children younger than 5 years, accounting for 10·29% of the total deaths in children younger than 5 years and reducing the mortality rate from 7·8 per 1000 to 7·0 per 1000. The review showed that 13-valent PCV (PCV13) had the lowest and most inequitable coverage but could prevent the highest number of deaths. In a budgetary analysis for the cohort of newborns in 2023, we estimated that the projected aggregate government costs were US$1954·92 million for PCV13, $1273·13 million for pentavalent rotavirus vaccine, $415·30 million for Hib vaccine, and $221·64 million for varicella vaccine. Our overall multicriteria decision analysis suggested the following priority order for introducing these four non-programme vaccines to the National Immunization Program to benefit the Chinese population: PCV13, rotavirus vaccine, Hib vaccine, and varicella vaccine.

Indexed as

Rotavirus VaccinesChickenpox VaccineChildCost-Benefit AnalysisHumansImmunization ProgramsInfant, NewbornVaccinationVaccines, ConjugateChickenpox VaccineRotavirus VaccinesVaccines, Conjugate

Identifiers

PMID38000881
PMCPMC10695764
OpenAlexW4388922430

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.