ArticleAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)2023
Overview of Availability, Cost, and Affordability of Antibiotics for Adults in Jordan: An AWaRe Classification Perspective.
Article in Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Oral antibiotics prescribing patterns and associated diarrhea risk: Public health implications.Journal of public health research · 2026Article
- The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the antibiotic consumption and resistance in Montenegro.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Increasing the use of the WHO AWaRe system in antibiotic surveillance and stewardship programmes in low- and middle-income countries.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Review
- Antibiotic consumption in 14 countries of sub-Saharan Africa: Findings from a retrospective analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Personalised antimicrobial susceptibility testing with clinical prediction modelling informs appropriate antibiotic use.Nature communications · 2024Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global public health threat, with rates directly linked with consumption. The World Health Organization (WHO)'s AWaRe classification aims to guide antibiotic use, and is influenced by drug availability, affordability, and economic policies. In Jordan, a high proportion of consumed antibiotics belong to the 'Watch' category. Data from the WHO's AWaRe classification, the Essential Medicines List, and the Jordan Food and Drug Administration were analyzed. Antibiotics for adults were classified, their costs per defined daily dose (DDD) were determined and their affordability assessed. In 2023, 43 injectable and 43 oral antibiotics for adults were registered in Jordan. 'Watch' antibiotics were the most common. 'Access' antibiotics had the lowest cost/DDD. 'Reserve' antibiotics were the most expensive, with few generics. Injectable antibiotics had a negative correlation between cost and the number of alternatives. Affordability was higher for oral antibiotics compared with injectable ones. 'Reserve' antibiotics were generally unaffordable. This study highlights the need to promote 'Access' antibiotics over other categories by encouraging the registration of missing 'Access' antibiotics and adjusting the prices of 'Watch' and 'Reserve' antibiotics. Competition among generics can lead to lower prices, increasing affordability and accessibility. We emphasize the importance of the AWaRe classification in guiding antibiotic use in Jordan.
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