ArticleEuropean journal of investigation in health, psychology and education2023
The 5Cs of Positive Youth Development and Risk Behaviors in a Sample of Spanish Emerging Adults: A Partial Mediation Analysis of Gender Differences.
Article in European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The association between the use of digital technologies and positive youth development: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Psychometric validation of the positive youth development scale-short form in Peruvian university students.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-based positive youth development intervention protocol in school settings.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Latent profiles in the 5 C positive youth development framework: insights into well-being, mental health, and behavioral outcomes.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Exploring digital interaction and positive youth development in a sample of Spanish undergraduates.AIMS public health · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
Positive Youth Development (PYD) emerged as a holistic and strength-based perspective that focuses on the fact that young people may have the internal and external resources for healthy and successful development through five dimensions (5Cs) that empower them: Perceived Competence, Confidence, Character, Connection, and Caring. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the overall PYD factor, the 5Cs, and risk behaviors, in addition to analyzing gender differences. This study showed the results of a cross-sectional study of 1044 emerging adults from 11 Spanish universities in 2021. Data collection was performed by applying an online self-report measure. The results showed that the Character was protective against substance abuse, mainly in women, while the connection was related to the participation of betting money and online betting in men. Caring was protective against money bets in the men's sample. However, controversial results were found regarding Perceived competence, which had a positive association with substance abuse, money bets, and drunk driving. It seems that high levels of Perceived competence, rather than objective competence, were associated with engagement in various risk behaviors. Concerning gender differences, men showed more risky behaviors than women. A partial mediation model pointed out that lower character and higher perceived competence in men partly explained the higher presence of risky behavior compared to women. These results underline the need to promote PYD within the university context to prevent risky behaviors by addressing gender differences and the separate role of the 5Cs.
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