Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37996620›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2023

Quaternary ammonium-based coating of textiles is effective against bacteria and viruses with a low risk to human health.

Philipp Meier, Pietro Clement, Stefanie Altenried, Giacomo Reina, Qun Ren, Roland Züst, Olivier Enger, Francis Choi, Nikolaus Nestle, Ted Deisenroth and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Plasma Functionalization Enables Diffusion Control of Reactive Oxygen Species.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  3. SnOACS applied bio materials · 2025
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Philipp MeierParticles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Pietro ClementParticles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Stefanie AltenriedBiointerfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
Giacomo ReinaParticles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0002-8147-3162
Qun RenBiointerfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-0627-761X
Roland ZüstFederal Office for Civil Protection FOCP, Spiez Laboratory, 3700, Spiez, Switzerland.
Olivier EngerTechnology Scouting & Incubation, BASF Schweiz AG, 4005, Basel, Switzerland.
Francis ChoiBASF Corporation, 1609 Biddle Avenue, Wyandotte, MI, 48192, USA.
Nikolaus NestleBASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-9894-4437
Ted DeisenrothFormulation Research, BASF Corporation, 500 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
Peter NeubauerChair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, TU Berlin, 13355, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1214-9713
Peter WickParticles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland. peter.wick@empa.ch.ORCID 0000-0002-0079-4344

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

While the global healthcare system is slowly recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic, new multi-drug-resistant pathogens are emerging as the next threat. To tackle these challenges there is a need for safe and sustainable antiviral and antibacterial functionalized materials. Here we develop an 'easy-to-apply' procedure for the surface functionalization of textiles, rendering them antiviral and antibacterial and assessing the performance of these textiles. A metal-free quaternary ammonium-based coating was applied homogeneously and non-covalently to hospital curtains. Abrasion, durability testing, and aging resulted in little change in the performance of the treated textile. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative antibacterial assays on Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumanii revealed excellent antibacterial activity with a CFU reduction of 98-100% within only 4 h of exposure. The treated curtain was aged 6 months before testing. Similarly, the antiviral activity tested according to ISO-18184 with murine hepatitis virus (MHV) showed > 99% viral reduction with the functionalized curtain. Also, the released active compounds of the coating 24 ± 5 µg mL

Indexed as

Ammonium CompoundsVirusesAnimalsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntiviral AgentsBacteriaHumansMicePandemicsTextilesAmmonium CompoundsAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntiviral Agents

Identifiers

PMID37996620
PMCPMC10667359

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.