Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37996465›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2023

Multi-scale measurement of stiffness in the developing ferret brain.

Christopher Walter, Ramin Balouchzadeh, Kara E Garcia, Christopher D Kroenke, Amit Pathak, Philip V Bayly

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
3.4field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Measurement of Residual Stress in the Brain.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Christopher Walter *Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, USA. christopher.m.walter@wustl.edu.
Ramin Balouchzadeh *Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, USA.
Kara E GarciaRadiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Evansville, IN, USA.
Christopher D KroenkeAdvanced Imaging Research Center and Oregon National Primate Research Center Division of Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
Amit PathakMechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, USA.
Philip V BaylyMechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University, St. Louis, USA. pvb@wustl.edu.
Washington University in St. Louis · USAdvanced Imaging Research (United States) · USIndiana University · US

Funding

Connecting the mechanobiology of tissue and cells in cerebral cortical foldingR01NS111948 · NINDS · OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY · PI BAYLY, PHILIP V, KROENKE, CHRISTOPHER D · 2019 to 2023
$2.6M
Epithelial Cell Mechanobiology in Mechanically Heterogeneous MicroenvironmentsR35GM128764 · NIGMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI PATHAK, AMIT · 2018 to 2022
$2.2M
TRAINING IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINET32EB028092 · NIBIB · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Farshid Guilak · 2020 to 2026
$2.0M
NIBIB NIH HHS T32 EB028092NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM128764NIH HHS R01 NS111948NIH HHS R35 GM128764NIH HHS T32 EB028092NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS111948
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cortical folding is an important process during brain development, and aberrant folding is linked to disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Changes in cell numbers, size, and morphology have been proposed to exert forces that control the folding process, but these changes may also influence the mechanical properties of developing brain tissue. Currently, the changes in tissue stiffness during brain folding are unknown. Here, we report stiffness in the developing ferret brain across multiple length scales, emphasizing changes in folding cortical tissue. Using rheometry to measure the bulk properties of brain tissue, we found that overall brain stiffness increases with age over the period of cortical folding. Using atomic force microscopy to target the cortical plate, we found that the occipital cortex increases in stiffness as well as stiffness heterogeneity over the course of development and folding. These findings can help to elucidate the mechanics of the cortical folding process by clarifying the concurrent evolution of tissue properties.

Indexed as

Cerebral CortexFerretsAnimalsBrainMicroscopy, Atomic ForceOccipital Lobe

Identifiers

PMID37996465
PMCPMC10667369
OpenAlexW4388941390

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.