ArticleSleep health2024
Influence of circadian phase and extended wakefulness on glucose levels during forced desynchrony.
Article in Sleep health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Diurnal Variation and Impairment of Postprandial Glucose-Insulin Responses and Lipid Rhythms in Simulated Shift Work.Nutrition bulletin · 2026Article
- Sleep and psychiatric disorders: Bidirectional interactions and shared neurobiological mechanisms.PLOS mental health · 2025Review
- A perspective on the Festschrift of Charles A. Czeisler, PhD MD.Sleep health · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesCircadian misalignment and sleep deprivation often occur in tandem, and both negatively impact glucose homeostasis and metabolic health. The present study employed a forced desynchrony protocol to examine the influence of extended wakefulness and circadian misalignment on hourly glucose levels.
methodsNine healthy adults (4F/5M; 26 ± 4years) completed a 31-day in-laboratory protocol. After three 24 hour baseline days with 8 hours scheduled sleep opportunities, participants were scheduled to 14 consecutive 42.85 hour sleep-wake cycles, with 28.57 hours extended wakefulness and 14.28 hours sleep opportunities each cycle. Blood was sampled hourly across the forced desynchrony and over 600 plasma samples per participant were analyzed for glucose levels.
resultsBoth hours into the 42.85 hours forced desynchrony day and circadian phase modulated glucose levels (p < .0001). Glucose peaked after each meal during scheduled wakefulness and decreased during scheduled sleep/fasting. Glucose levels were, on average, lowest during the biological daytime and rose throughout the biological night, peaking in the biological morning. When analyzed separately for scheduled sleep vs. wakefulness, the peak timing of the circadian rhythm in glucose was later during sleep (p < .05). Glucose area under the curve levels increased rapidly from the beginning of the forced desynchrony protocol and were highest on the second forced desynchrony day (p < .01), returning towards forced desynchrony day 1 levels thereafter.
conclusionsThese findings have important implications for understanding factors contributing to altered glucose metabolism during sleep loss and circadian misalignment, and for potential physiological adaptation of metabolism in healthy adults, who are increasingly exposed to such conditions in our society.
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