Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37995111›Full record

ArticleJMIR cardio2023

Diagnostic Accuracy of Single-Lead Electrocardiograms Using the Kardia Mobile App and the Apple Watch 4: Validation Study.

Kristina Klier, Lucas Koch, Lisa Graf, Timo Schinköthe, Annette Schmidt

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in JMIR cardio, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.

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  5. Cardiogenic Shock: Clinical Management, Outcomes and Future Directions.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Kristina Klier *Institute of Sport Science, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6906-9933
Lucas Koch *Institute of Sport Science, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6124-7056
Lisa GrafInstitute of Sport Science, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9864-4042
Timo SchinkötheCANKADO GmbH, Ottobrunn, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-6775
Annette SchmidtInstitute of Sport Science, University of the Bundeswehr Munich, Neubiberg, Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2315-6417
Universität der Bundeswehr München · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTo date, the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is the gold standard for cardiological diagnosis in clinical settings. With the advancements in technology, a growing number of smartphone apps and gadgets for recording, visualizing, and evaluating physical performance as well as health data is available. Although this new smart technology is innovative and time- and cost-efficient, less is known about its diagnostic accuracy and reliability.

objectiveThis study aimed to examine the agreement between the mobile single-lead ECG measurements of the Kardia Mobile App and the Apple Watch 4 compared to the 12-lead gold standard ECG in healthy adults under laboratory conditions. Furthermore, it assessed whether the measurement error of the devices increases with an increasing heart rate.

methodsThis study was designed as a prospective quasi-experimental 1-sample measurement, in which no randomization of the sampling was carried out. In total, ECGs at rest from 81 participants (average age 24.89, SD 8.58 years; n=58, 72% male) were recorded and statistically analyzed. Bland-Altman plots were created to graphically illustrate measurement differences. To analyze the agreement between the single-lead ECGs and the 12-lead ECG, Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and Lin concordance correlation coefficient (CCC

resultsThe results showed a higher agreement for the Apple Watch (mean deviation QT: 6.85%; QT interval corrected for heart rate using Fridericia formula [QTcF]: 7.43%) than Kardia Mobile (mean deviation QT: 9.53%; QTcF: 9.78%) even if both tend to underestimate QT and QTcF intervals. For Kardia Mobile, the QT and QTcF intervals correlated significantly with the gold standard (r

conclusionsSmart technology seems to be a promising and reliable approach for nonclinical health monitoring. Further research is needed to broaden the evidence regarding its validity and usability in different target groups.

Indexed as

accuracyappapplicationscardiologydiagnosisdiagnosticECGeHealthelectrocardiogramelectrocardiographyheartmHealthmobile healthmobile monitoringmobile phonemonitoringtelemedicine

Identifiers

PMID37995111
PMCPMC10704323
OpenAlexW4388951993

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.