ArticleBMC psychiatry2023
Factor structure and measurement invariance of the 8-item CES-D: a national longitudinal sample of Chinese adolescents.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mental health under gender imbalance: evidence from bachelors in urban China.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Effect of perceived school environment on adolescent depression: the moderating role of intergenerational interactions.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Measurement properties of the Child Behavior Checklist-10: an ultra-brief screening updated in longitudinal cohort.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Literary literacy and mental health in contemporary China: evidence from the China family panel studies.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Extreme heat exposure and depressive symptoms among adolescents: evidence from China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Where we work correlates with whether we receive cardiorespiratory preventive care services: Health and Retirement Study 2003-2018.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Influence of deviant peer affiliation on adolescent depression in China: roles of self-deviant behavior, academic performance, and academic stress.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of Family Environment in Rural China on Loneliness, Depression, and Internet Addiction Among Children and Adolescents.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- A Study on the Differences in Parental Educational Expectations and Adolescents' Academic and Psychological Development: A Comparative Analysis of Only Children and Non-Only Children.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- How parental depression influences the development of adolescent depression: based on data from China family panel studies.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Gender Difference in the Onset of Adolescent Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Lagged Panel Network Analysis.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2025Article
- The impact of left-behind experience on the mental health and marital satisfaction.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The association between intergenerational support and depressive symptoms in older adults: a chain mediation analysis of life satisfaction and well-being.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Symptomatic associations and sexual differences in depression and communication.Npj mental health research · 2024Article
- Parent-Child Mismatch in Educational Expectations and Depressive Symptoms among Chinese Adolescents.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Association of early parent-child separation with depression, social and academic performance in adolescence and early adulthood: a prospective cohort study.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2024Article
- The impact of widowhood on the mental health of older adults and the buffering effect of social capital.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 8) has been widely used to measure depressive symptoms in many large-scale surveys. Due to its brevity, it can lower costs, relieve respondent burdens, and ensure data quality. However, its factor structure and measurement invariance across gender and time among adolescents have not been adequately evaluated. This study investigated its factor structure and measurement invariance across gender and time among adolescents.
methodsThe data was drawn from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) conducted in 2018 and 2020, with 3099 participants (46.82% girls) aged 11 to 18 in 2018. First, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to examine the factor structure of the CES-D 8. Next, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test its measurement invariance across gender and time. Finally, a longitudinal cross-gender test was conducted to further confirm the stability of the scale.
resultsA two-factor structure was identified among the adolescents, including Negative Symptoms and Diminished Happiness Feeling. Measurement invariance across gender and time, as well as the longitudinal cross-gender invariance, was supported, with configural, factor loadings, thresholds and residual invariance.
conclusionsThe factor structure of the CES-D 8 remains stable across gender and time among adolescents, indicating that it is a promising instrument for measuring depressive symptoms, especially in large-scale and longitudinal surveys.
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