ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2024
Mechanisms and consequences of sex differences in immune responses.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 162 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
162 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Survival benefits of different immunotherapies for hepatocellular carcinoma: a meta-analysis highlighting age, gender, etiology, and tumor burden.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Bispecific antibodies combined with chemotherapy in solid tumor treatment, the path forward?Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Eplontersen for Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis With Polyneuropathy: An Exploratory Analysis of Treatment Effect in Male and Female Patients.Muscle & nerve · 2026Trial
- Plasma proteomic signatures of childhood adversity.Protein & cell · 2026Article
- Role of sex and gender in autoimmune thyroid diseases: mechanisms and knowledge gaps.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Nonlinear association between number of lymph nodes resected and survival in T1N0M0 colorectal cancer: a SEER-based analysis.Updates in surgery · 2026Article
- Tet2 deficiency drives age-related heterogeneous progression of myeloid neoplasms through epigenetic-immune microenvironment imbalance.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative Analysis of the Immune Profiles of Women and Men With Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Peripheral Inflammation In Adult ADHD: Sex Differences And Hematological Markers.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Surface chemistry governs sex-dependent responses to PEG and zwitterionic siRNA nanocarriers in primary macrophages.Science advances · 2026Article
- An Estrogen-IL-33 Circuit in Aortic Fibroblasts Underlies Sex Differences in Tregs in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
- Increased MAP-1 and lectin complement activation capacity in Klinefelter syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Long-term remodeling of compliance matched tissue engineered vascular grafts is sex specific.Acta biomaterialia · 2026Article
- Queer Science and Scientists Are Shaping the Future of Immunology.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Hepatic immunometabolic signatures associated with the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio reveal sex-dependent patterns in yellow-legged ma chickens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Is Oestradiol a Key Player in the Sex Differences in Innate Immunity Through Toll-like Receptor Activation?Cells · 2026Article
- Women's Special Issue Series: Biomedicines (2nd Edition).Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Associations of extreme temperature and relative humidity with hematological disease mortality in Chuzhou, China.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Associations between immunosenescence and domain-specific cognition in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol.BMC biology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the regulation and function of cellular immunity in Drosophila.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
102 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Biological sex differences refer to differences between males and females caused by the sex chromosome complement (that is, XY or XX), reproductive tissues (that is, the presence of testes or ovaries), and concentrations of sex steroids (that is, testosterone or oestrogens and progesterone). Although these sex differences are binary for most human individuals and mice, transgender individuals receiving hormone therapy, individuals with genetic syndromes (for example, Klinefelter and Turner syndromes) and people with disorders of sexual development reflect the diversity in sex-based biology. The broad distribution of sex steroid hormone receptors across diverse cell types and the differential expression of X-linked and autosomal genes means that sex is a biological variable that can affect the function of all physiological systems, including the immune system. Sex differences in immune cell function and immune responses to foreign and self antigens affect the development and outcome of diverse diseases and immune responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.