Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37992687›Full record

ArticleCell reports. Medicine2023

Use of a biomimetic hydrogel depot technology for sustained delivery of GLP-1 receptor agonists reduces burden of diabetes management.

Andrea I d'Aquino, Caitlin L Maikawa, Leslee T Nguyen, Katie Lu, Ian A Hall, Carolyn K Jons, Catherine M Kasse, Jerry Yan, Alexander N Prossnitz, Enmian Chang and 6 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
7.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. GLP-1 receptor agonism: a transformative approach for managing type-2 diabetes and obesity.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025
    Review
  20. Emerging Nanotechnology Strategies for Obesity Therapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Andrea I d'AquinoDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.
Caitlin L MaikawaDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Leslee T NguyenDepartment of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
Katie LuDepartment of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Ian A HallDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Carolyn K JonsDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.
Catherine M KasseDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.
Jerry YanDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
Alexander N ProssnitzDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.
Enmian ChangDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA.
Sam W BakerDepartment of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
Lars HovgaardDepartment of Biophysics and Formulations, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark.
Dorte B SteensgaardDepartment of Biophysics and Formulations, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark.
Hanne B AndersenDepartment of Biophysics and Formulations, Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark.
Lotte SimonsenDepartment of Obesity Research, Global Drug Discovery, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark.
Eric A AppelDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94025, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; ChEM-H Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics (Endocrinology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. Electronic address: eappel@stanford.edu.
Stanford University · USNovo Nordisk (Denmark) · DKPalo Alto Institute · USPalo Alto University · US

Funding

Stanford Islet Research CoreP30DK116074 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Seung K Kim · 2017 to 2026
$19.5M
An injectable hydrogel platform for sustained release of eCD4-IgR01AI154989 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA · PI APPEL, ERIC ANDREW, FARZAN, MICHAEL R. · 2020 to 2024
$4.2M
Co-Formulations of Amylin Analogues with Insulin Analogues for Treatment of DiabetesR01DK119254 · NIDDK · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI APPEL, ERIC ANDREW · 2019 to 2023
$2.9M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI154989NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK116074NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK119254
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone and neurotransmitter secreted from intestinal L cells in response to nutrients to stimulate insulin and block glucagon secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have become central to treating type 2 diabetes (T2D); however, these therapies are burdensome, as they must be taken daily or weekly. Technological innovations that enable less frequent administrations would reduce patient burden and increase patient compliance. Herein, we leverage an injectable hydrogel depot technology to develop a GLP-1 RA drug product capable of months-long GLP-1 RA delivery. Using a rat model of T2D, we confirm that one injection of hydrogel-based therapy sustains exposure of GLP-1 RA over 42 days, corresponding to a once-every-4-months therapy in humans. Hydrogel therapy maintains management of blood glucose and weight comparable to daily injections of a leading GLP-1 RA drug. This long-acting GLP-1 RA treatment is a promising therapy for more effective T2D management.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2AnimalsBiomimeticsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHumansHydrogelsHypoglycemic AgentsRatsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHydrogelsHypoglycemic Agentsdiabetesdrug deliveryGLP-1 RAsupramolecular hydrogel

Identifiers

PMID37992687
PMCPMC10694761
OpenAlexW4388871128

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.