ArticlePloS one2023
Assessment of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection methods in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Data-driven exploration of electronic nose technology to differentiate bacteria in blood cultures under biofilm-promoting conditions.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Multitarget Antibacterial Activity of Novel Aryl-Urea Derivatives Against Vancomycin- and Carbapenem-Resistant Nosocomial Pathogens.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Enhanced production of chitinase from Bacillus cereus V5331 and evaluation of anti-candidal potential of enzyme: central composite design approach.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- Genomic and phenotypic analysis of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii focusing on efflux pump activity and biofilm-associated genes.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- In vitro probiotic properties and anti-Vibrio activity of Bacillus subtilis B13 and its ethyl acetate extract.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- A Study of Bioactivities and Composition of a Cocktail of Supernatants Derived from Lactic Acid Bacteria for Potential Food Applications.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- A Novel Agro-Waste Formulated Medium Enhanced the Growth of Electrogenic Enterobacter Species Isolated Using Microbial Fuel Cell System: Response Surface Methodology Approach.Environmental microbiology reports · 2025Article
- A Retrospective Analysis of Bacterial Infections (2021-2024) in a Reference Laboratory in Kathmandu, Nepal.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Phenotypic, secondary metabolite, and genomic characterization of Bacillus siamensis B03 from brackish water with Anti‑Vibrio potential.Archives of microbiology · 2025Article
- Genomic and Functional Characterization of Bacillus siamensis B01 with Antimicrobial Activity Against Vibrio spp.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Mangrove pneumatophores as biocatalysts for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles and their potential applications against biofilm formation and hepatic carcinoma.Nanoscale advances · 2025Article
- Assessment of biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance patterns, and the prevalence of adhesion-related genes in clinicalHeliyon · 2025Article
- Design, synthesis, and biological assessment of a novel series of coumarin-tethered thiazole derivatives as potential antibacterial agents.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Impact of acidic and alkaline conditions on Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii interactions and their biofilms.Archives of microbiology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe lack of standardized methods for detecting biofilms continues to pose a challenge to microbiological diagnostics since biofilm-mediated infections induce persistent and recurrent infections in humans that often defy treatment with common antibiotics. This study aimed to evaluate diagnostic parameters of four in vitro phenotypic biofilm detection assays in relation to antimicrobial resistance in aerobic clinical bacterial isolates.
methodsIn this cross-sectional study, bacterial strains from clinical samples were isolated and identified following the standard microbiological guidelines. The antibiotic resistance profile was assessed through the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Biofilm formation was detected by gold standard tissue culture plate method (TCPM), tube method (TM), Congo red agar (CRA), and modified Congo red agar (MCRA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 17.0, with a significant association considered at p<0.05.
resultAmong the total isolates (n = 226), TCPM detected 140 (61.95%) biofilm producers, with CoNS (9/9) (p<0.001) as the predominant biofilm former. When compared to TCPM, TM (n = 119) (p<0.001) showed 90.8% sensitivity and 70.1% specificity, CRA (n = 88) (p = 0.123) showed 68.2% sensitivity and 42% specificity, and MCRA (n = 86) (p = 0.442) showed 65.1% sensitivity and 40% specificity. Juxtaposed to CRA, colonies formed on MCRA developed more intense black pigmentation from 24 to 96 hours. There were 77 multi-drug-resistant (MDR)-biofilm formers and 39 extensively drug-resistant (XDR)-biofilm formers, with 100% resistance to ampicillin and ceftazidime, respectively.
conclusionIt is suggested that TM be used for biofilm detection, after TCPM. Unlike MCRA, black pigmentation in colonies formed on CRA declined with time. MDR- and XDR-biofilm formers were frequent among the clinical isolates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.