ReviewPediatric research2024
The etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the retinoid hypothesis 20 years later.
Review in Pediatric research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond Discharge: A Scoping Review of the Long-Term Outcomes of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia in Australia.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Article
- Bochdalek Hernia as a Discrepant Intraoperative Diagnosis in a Paraesophageal Hernia Surgery: A Surgical Case Report.Case reports in surgery · 2026Article
- Nationwide Danish Register Based Study Showed a Stable Prevalence of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernias From 1994 to 2021 but a Decrease in Syndromic Cases.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Incidental Diaphragmatic Hernia Discovered During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and Cholecystectomy: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Review
- Epithelial Dysfunction in Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: Mechanisms, Models and Emerging Therapies.Cells · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal retinoic acid signaling is required for normal diaphragm development in mice.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2025Article
- Veterinary and technical optimization of the fetal sheep model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: implications for translational pediatric surgery.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Disruptions in retinoic acid signaling pathway contribute to abnormal lung development in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a therapeutic potential for retinoids to attenuate pulmonary hypoplasia.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Hemodynamic management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the role of targeted neonatal echocardiography.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2024Review
- Role of genetics and the environment in the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia.World journal of pediatric surgery · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a severe birth defect and a major cause of neonatal respiratory distress. Impacting ~2-3 in 10,000 births, CDH is associated with a high mortality rate, and long-term morbidity in survivors. Despite the significant impact of CDH, its etiology remains incompletely understood. In 2003, Greer et al. proposed the Retinoid Hypothesis, stating that the underlying cause of abnormal diaphragm development in CDH was related to altered retinoid signaling. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update to the Retinoid Hypothesis, discussing work published in support of this hypothesis from the past 20 years. This includes reviewing teratogenic and genetic models of CDH, lessons from the human genetics of CDH and epidemiological studies, as well as current gaps in the literature and important areas for future research. The Retinoid Hypothesis is one of the leading hypotheses to explain the etiology of CDH, as we continue to better understand the role of retinoid signaling in diaphragm development, we hope that this information can be used to improve CDH outcomes. IMPACT: This review provides a comprehensive update on the Retinoid Hypothesis, which links abnormal retinoic acid signaling to the etiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The Retinoid Hypothesis was formulated in 2003. Twenty years later, we extensively review the literature in support of this hypothesis from both animal models and humans.
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