Trial reportBMJ open ophthalmology2023
Effect of music on preoperative anxiety using the Hamilton State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in patients undergoing cataract surgery in the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku Ozalla.
Trial report in BMJ open ophthalmology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of music therapy on physiological response and anxiety in perioperative ophthalmic patients: a systematic review.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2025Pooled it
- Non-Pharmacological Interventions Before Cataract Surgery for Preoperative Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nursing open · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of Cardiovascular Specialty Care Based on the Humanistic Concept on Medication Adherence, Glycolipid Metabolism Parameters, and Quality of Life in High-Risk Cardiovascular Patients With Lipid Management.Clinical cardiology · 2026Article
- Music Listening in Medicine and Healthcare: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTo determine the effectiveness of music in allaying preoperative anxiety in patients scheduled for and undergoing surgery for age-related cataract.
methodsThis is a randomised interventional study of individuals aged 50 years and above who were scheduled for and undergoing cataract surgery under regional anaesthesia, with music (test group) randomly matched with similar individuals undergoing the same procedure but without music (control group). The surgeries were performed at the Ophthalmology Theatre of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Ituku Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria. Using a systematic random sampling method, a total of 98 patients were selected into two groups. Both groups completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Questionnaire at baseline, immediately on entrance into the preoperative room and 5 min after intervention. The first group listened to music while the second group did not listen to music. Results were analysed using the SPSS V.20 and analysis of variance was used to compare means of variables measured at baseline, preoperative before intervention and preoperative after intervention. Categorical variables were compared using the χ
resultsThere was an increase in the anxiety scores in the two groups on entrance into the preoperative room, however, 5 min into intervention, there was a significant decrease in the anxiety scores in the music group and a progressive increase in the anxiety scores in the group without music.
conclusionMusic has a positive effect on preoperative anxiety evidenced by the indirect effect of music on the STAI anxiety scores.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.