ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2023
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Clade 2.3.4.4b Infections in Wild Terrestrial Mammals, United States, 2022.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 154 citations in OpenAlex.
- Airway organoids reveal patterns of influenza A tropism and adaptation in wildlife species.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Baloxavir-Based Combination Therapy for Protection against Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus Infection in Mice.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- In silico analysis of pH stabilising mutations of hemagglutinin of influenza A virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Detection of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Genotype D1.2 Virus in Swine after Experimental Inoculation.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Evaluation of IndiMix JOE with Intype IC-RNA as an Alternative to AgPath-ID for Influenza A Virus Detection in Avian and Bovine Samples.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Human and Hunting Dog Interactions in the United States: Exploring Potential Transmission Pathways of Zoonotic Diseases and Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- A global-scale assessment of zoonotic virus diversity and spillover potential in urban-adapted mammal species.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Dual-route H5N1 vaccination induces systemic and mucosal immunity in murine and bovine models.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Cross-Immunogenicity of Ferret Antisera Following Immunization with H5N1 Vaccine Strains.Vaccines · 2026Article
- "The trust is gone": smallholder poultry producers' perceptions of biosecurity measures against highly pathogenic avian influenza.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in cull dairy cows with underlying respiratory and systemic disease.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2026Article
- Article
- Disease susceptibility and biological vulnerability of black vultures to fatal clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Novel recombinant H5-based vaccine provides effective protection against H5N1 influenza virus in cats.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Avian Influenza Viruses: Global Panzootic, Host Range Expansion and Emerging One-Health Threats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- CD4Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Contemporary Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Viruses Retain Neurotropism in Human Cerebral Organoids.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype: Resurgent Interspecies and Intercontinental Transmission, and a New Host.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We describe the pathology of natural infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus of Eurasian lineage Goose/Guangdong clade 2.3.4.4b in 67 wild terrestrial mammals throughout the United States during April 1‒July 21, 2022. Affected mammals include 50 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 6 striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), 4 raccoons (Procyon lotor), 2 bobcats (Lynx rufus), 2 Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), 1 coyote (Canis latrans), 1 fisher (Pekania pennanti), and 1 gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus). Infected mammals showed primarily neurologic signs. Necrotizing meningoencephalitis, interstitial pneumonia, and myocardial necrosis were the most common lesions; however, species variations in lesion distribution were observed. Genotype analysis of sequences from 48 animals indicates that these cases represent spillover infections from wild birds.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.