ReviewNature reviews. Nephrology2024
Differences in the epidemiology, management and outcomes of kidney disease in men and women.
Review in Nature reviews. Nephrology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rat models for arterial calcification associated with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Risk association and diagnostic value of body roundness index for cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic-related outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Screening for chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of emerging evidence and perspectives.Renal failure · 2025Pooled it
- Sex and gender considerations in randomized controlled trials in critical care nephrology: a meta-epidemiologic study.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Global health inequalities of chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2024Pooled it
- Baseline Kidney Function, Albuminuria, and Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio Reduction with Finerenone, Empagliflozin, or Both: Post Hoc Analyses of CONFIDENCE Trial.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2026Trial
- Sex and gender in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health: strengthening the evidence.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Article
- Gender disparities in Swedish specialized nephrology care.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- MORG1 Haploinsufficiency Is Associated with Stage- and Sex-Dependent Renoprotection and Signalling Alterations in Diabetic Kidney Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in the Cardiovascular Significance of Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Implementation of KDIGO CKD Screening and Its Prognostic Implications in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 75 Years or Older: A Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Sex-Specific Associations of Monocyte-Based Inflammatory Indices with Renal Dysfunction and Hyperuricemia in the Saudi General Adult Population.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Estrogen protects female mice with chronic kidney disease from fibroblast growth factor 23-induced left ventricular hypertrophy.Kidney international · 2026Article
- Engineered Carbon Dots from a Traditional Herb Pair Orchestrate Concurrent Antioxidant and AP-1-Mediated Inflammation to Attenuate Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Burden of Chronic Kidney Disease in Asia From 1990 to 2023: A Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2026Article
- Efficacy of Yishen Jiangzhuo granules in the treatment of chronic kidney disease stages 3-4: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2026Article
- Modeling chronic kidney disease progression using a continuous-time multistate Markov model: Transition dynamics and covariate effects.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in 6-Year Change in eGFR and ACR in a Multiethnic Population: The HELIUS Study.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cardiovascular‑kidney‑metabolic syndrome: From pathogenesis to treatment response (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Improved understanding of differences in kidney disease epidemiology, management and outcomes in men and women could help nephrologists to better meet the needs of their patients from a sex- and gender-specific perspective. Evidence of sex differences in the risk and outcomes of acute kidney injury is mixed and dependent on aetiology. Women have a higher prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3-5 than men, whereas men have a higher prevalence of albuminuria and hence CKD stages 1-2. Men show a faster decline in kidney function, progress more frequently to kidney failure and have higher mortality and risk of cardiovascular disease than women. However, the protective effect of female sex is reduced with CKD progression. Women are less likely than men to be aware of, screened for and diagnosed with CKD, started on antiproteinuric medication and referred to nephrologist care. They also consistently report a poorer health-related quality of life and a higher symptom burden than men. Women experience greater barriers than men to access the waiting list for kidney transplantation, particularly with respect to older age and obesity. However, women also have longer survival than men after transplantation, which may partly explain the comparable prevalence of transplantation between the sexes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.