Observational studyCardiovascular and interventional radiology2024
Evaluation of Primary Lymphedema with Intranodal Lymphangiography.
Observational study in Cardiovascular and interventional radiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lymphedema imaging and AI: A review of diagnostic modalities, biomarkers, and clinical integration.Biomedical journal · 2026Review
- A case of groin lymphorrhea after a leadless pacemaker implantation.HeartRhythm case reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThere are limited existing data on the lymphatic anatomy of patients with primary lymphedema (LED), which is caused by aberrant development of lymphatic channels. In addition, there is a paucity of contemporary studies that use groin intranodal lymphangiography (IL) to evaluate LED anatomy. The purpose of this retrospective observational study was to better delineate the disease process and anatomy of primary LED using groin IL. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe identified common groin IL findings in a cohort of 17 primary LED patients performed between 1/1/2017 and 1/31/2022 at a single institution. These patients were clinically determined to have primary lymphedema and demonstrated associated findings on lower extremity MR and lymphoscintigraphy.
resultsTen patients (59%) demonstrated irregular lymph node morphology or a paucity of lymph nodes on the more symptomatic laterality. Eight patients (47%) demonstrated lymphovenous shunting from pre-existing anastomoses between the lymphatic and venous systems. Eight patients (47%) demonstrated passage of contrast past midline to the contralateral lymphatics. Finally, 12 patients (71%) failed to opacify the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct on their initial lymphangiograms. Delayed computed tomography of 3 patients showed eventual central lymphatic opacification up to the renal veins, but none of these patients showed central lymphatic opacification to the thorax.
conclusionThis descriptive, exploratory study demonstrates common central groin IL findings in primary LED to highlight patterns interventional radiologists should identify and report when addressing primary LED.
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