ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2023
Diversity, evolution, and classification of the RNA-guided nucleases TnpB and Cas12.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed.
- De novo-engineered guide RNA-directed transposition with TnpB-family proteins.Molecular cell · 2026Article
- One Plasmid Is All You Need: Genome Editing in Escherichia coli Using Endogenous TnpB and Endogenous Recombination System.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2026Article
- Structural and genetic dissection of RNA-guided gene repression by TnpB-derived transcription factors.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Structure-guided discovery and engineering of miniature CRISPR-Cas12m for epigenome editing.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Dual-mode application of transcriptional regulation and DNA editing using the ultra-compact TnpB system.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Adaptive model-guided protein evolution with sparse data optimizes compact eukaryotic genome editors.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- CRISPR/cas-based biosensors for point-of-care testing: a comprehensive review of signal readout strategies.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Structural mining and engineering of metagenome-derived Cas12a orthologs expands the CRISPR genome editing and multiplex diagnostics toolkit.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Temperate phages enhance bacterial host fitness via RNA-guided flagellar remodelling.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Directed evolution of compact RNA-guided nucleases for enhanced activity in mammalian cells.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Evolution-guided protein design of IscB for persistent epigenome editing in vivo.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- A practical guide for characterization of novel CRISPR-Cas systems with Pro-CRISPR factors.Biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Precise, specific gene editing via a compact GoCas12m-FokI chimeric nuclease.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Engineered TnpB genome editors for plants and human cells identified by ribonucleoprotein mutational scanning.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- High-efficiency, transgene-free plant genome editing by viral delivery of an engineered TnpB.Nature plants · 2026Article
- Structural visualization of the molecular evolution of CRISPR-Cas9.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026Article
- Engineering hypercompact IscB nucleases for efficient and versatile genome editing in rice.Genome biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The TnpB proteins are transposon-associated RNA-guided nucleases that are among the most abundant proteins encoded in bacterial and archaeal genomes, but whose functions in the transposon life cycle remain unknown. TnpB appears to be the evolutionary ancestor of Cas12, the effector nuclease of type V CRISPR-Cas systems. We performed a comprehensive census of TnpBs in archaeal and bacterial genomes and constructed a phylogenetic tree on which we mapped various features of these proteins. In multiple branches of the tree, the catalytic site of the TnpB nuclease is rearranged, demonstrating structural and probably biochemical malleability of this enzyme. We identified numerous cases of apparent recruitment of TnpB for other functions of which the most common is the evolution of type V CRISPR-Cas effectors on about 50 independent occasions. In many other cases of more radical exaptation, the catalytic site of the TnpB nuclease is apparently inactivated, suggesting a regulatory function, whereas in others, the activity appears to be retained, indicating that the recruited TnpB functions as a nuclease, for example, as a toxin. These findings demonstrate remarkable evolutionary malleability of the TnpB scaffold and provide extensive opportunities for further exploration of RNA-guided biological systems as well as multiple applications.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.