Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37982329›Full record

ArticleCancer2024

Increasing risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with successive generations in the United States among Mexican American adults: The Multiethnic Cohort.

Nicholas Acuna, Kali Zhou, Paulo S Pinheiro, Iona Cheng, Salma Shariff-Marco, Tiffany Lim, Lynne R Wilkens, Loïc Le Marchand, Christopher A Haiman, Veronica Wendy Setiawan

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.3field-weighted citation impact, top 18% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Disparities in Survival of Head and Neck Cancer in the Hispanic Population: Systematic-Review and Meta-analysis.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Cancer statistics for Hispanic/Latino people, 2026.CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Nicholas AcunaDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8347-8389
Kali ZhouDivision of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8554-2906
Paulo S PinheiroSylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miami, Florida, USA.
Iona ChengDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4132-2893
Salma Shariff-MarcoDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2541-3333
Tiffany LimCenter for Genetic Epidemiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Lynne R WilkensEpidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8408-4536
Loïc Le MarchandEpidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5013-980X
Christopher A HaimanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Veronica Wendy SetiawanDepartment of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9239-5692
University of Southern California · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USUniversity of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa · USUniversity of Miami · US

Funding

University of Hawaii Cancer Center CCSGP30CA071789 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI Pallav Pokhrel · 1996 to 2026
$56.2M
Understanding Population Differences in Cancer: The MEC StudyU01CA164973 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI HAIMAN, CHRISTOPHER ALAN, LE MARCHAND, LOIC · 2015 to 2025
$37.4M
Understanding the Determinants of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Liver Cancer and Chronic Liver Disease in Understudied and High-Risk PopulationsR01CA228589 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA · PI SETIAWAN, VERONICA WENDY · 2018 to 2021
$1.8M
Obesogenic environment: impact on breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer riskR01CA154644 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA · PI CHENG, IONA C · 2011 to 2015
$1.4M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA071789NCI NIH HHS R01 CA154644NCI NIH HHS R01CA154644NCI NIH HHS R01 CA228589NCI NIH HHS R01CA228589NCI NIH HHS U01 CA164973NCI NIH HHS U01CA164973
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUS-born Latinos have a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than foreign-born Latinos. Acculturation to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and an immigrant self-selection effect may play a role. In this study, the authors examined the influence of generational status on HCC risk among Mexican American adults.

methodsThe analytic cohort included 31,377 self-reported Mexican Americans from the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). Generational status was categorized as: first-generation (Mexico-born; n = 13,382), second-generation (US-born with one or two parents born in Mexico; n = 13,081), or third-generation (US-born with both parents born in the United States; n = 4914). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to examine the association between generational status and HCC incidence.

resultsIn total, 213 incident HCC cases were identified during an average follow-up of 19.5 years. After adjusting for lifestyle and neighborhood-level risk factors, second-generation and third-generation Mexican Americans had a 37% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98-1.92) and 66% (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.11-2.49) increased risk of HCC, respectively, compared with first-generation Mexican Americans (p for trend = 0.012). The increased risk associated with generational status was mainly observed in males (second-generation vs. first-generation: HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.05-2.44]; third-generation vs. first-generation: HR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.29-3.37]).

conclusionsIncreasing generational status of Mexican Americans is associated with a higher risk of HCC. Further studies are needed to identify factors that contribute to this increased risk.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularLiver NeoplasmsAcculturationAdultCohort StudiesFamily CharacteristicsHumansMaleMexican AmericansMexicoRisk FactorsUnited Statesacculturationcohortgenerational statushepatocellular carcinomaMexican Americans

Identifiers

PMID37982329
PMCPMC11229415
OpenAlexW4388833107

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.