ArticleNuclear medicine and molecular imaging2023
Second Primary Malignancy After Radioiodine Therapy in Thyroid Cancer Patient: A Nationwide Study.
Article in Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reassessing Radioactive Iodine Use After Thyroidectomy in Low-Risk Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Association of high-dose radioactive iodine therapy with PPM1D-mutated clonal hematopoiesis in older individuals.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Summary of the Korean Thyroid Association Guidelines 2024 from Nuclear Medicine Perspective, Part-II.Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Review
- Role of Radioiodine in Cancer Therapy: A Review of the Design and Challenges in Selecting Radioligands from Natural Sources.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Enhanced γ-H2AX Foci Frequency and Altered Gene Expression in Participants Exposed to Ionizing Radiation During I-131 Nuclear Medicine Procedures.Nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the risk of second primary malignancy after radioiodine (RAI) therapy in patients with thyroid cancer, using the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Methods: We extracted data from the NHIS database of South Korea, which covers the entire population of the nation. Risk of second primary malignancy in the thyroid cancer patients who received RAI therapy were compared with the thyroid cancer patients who received surgery only. Results: Between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2018, we identified 363,155 patients who underwent thyroid surgery due to thyroid cancer for analysis. The surgery only cohort was 215,481, and the RAI cohort was 147,674 patients. A total of 19,385 patients developed second primary malignancy (solid cancer, 18,285; hematologic cancer, 1,100). There was no significant increase in the risk of second primary malignancy in patients who received a total cumulative dose of 100 mCi or less (hazard ratio [HR], 1.013; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.979-1.049). However, a statistically significant increase in the risk of second primary malignancy was observed in patients who received 101-200 mCi (HR, 1.214; 95% CI, 1.167-1.264), 201-300 mCi (HR, 1.422; 95% CI, 1.258-1.607), and > 300 mCi (HR, 1.693; 95% CI, 1.545-1.854). Conclusion: Total cumulative doses of 100 mCi or less of RAI can be safely administered without concerns about second primary malignancy. However, the risk of second primary malignancy increases in a dose-dependent manner, and the risk-benefit needs to be considered for doses over 100 mCi of RAI therapy.
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