ArticleThorax2024
Survival analysis from the INCREASE study in PH-ILD: evaluating the impact of treatment crossover on overall mortality.
Article in Thorax, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies on arterial oxygenation in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond IPF: Pulmonary Function Test Predictors of Echocardiographic Pulmonary Hypertension Across the Spectrum of ILD.Pulmonary circulation · 2026Article
- Disease Mechanisms and Therapeutic Advances in Idiopathic and Progressive Pulmonary Fibrosis: From Approved Drugs to Emerging Strategies.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the therapeutic landscape of pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease, with a focus on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a narrative review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Subcutaneous Treprostinil in PH Associated With Left Heart Disease or Chronic Lung Disease.Pulmonary circulation · 2026Article
- PDE4-Selective Inhibition in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Pulmonary Fibrosis: Different Agents or Different Targets?Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Real-World Comparison of Patients With PH-ILD Initiating Inhaled Treprostinil Versus Patients Who Remain Untreated.Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease (PH-ILD): Back to the Future.Advances in therapy · 2025Review
- Review of the Diagnosis and Management of Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD-PH).Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Shining a spotlight on pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease care: The latest advances in diagnosis and treatment.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2025Review
- Inhaled treprostinil in group 3 pulmonary hypertension associated with lung disease: results of the INCREASE and PERFECT studies.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2025Article
- Screening and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic lung disease (PH-CLD): A consensus statement from the pulmonary vascular research institute's innovative drug development initiative-group 3 pulmonary hypertension.Pulmonary circulation · 2024Review
- Pulmonary hypertension associated with lung diseases.The European respiratory journal · 2024Review
- Effectiveness of upfront triple oral combination therapy with additional pirfenidone in a patient with severe pulmonary hypertension associated with lung diseases.Respirology case reports · 2024Article
- Pulmonary Vasodilator Therapy Is Associated with Decreased Mortality in Patients with Chronic Lung Disease and Severe Pulmonary Hypertension.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Antifibrotic therapy combined with pulmonary vasodilator therapy may improve survival in patients with pulmonary fibrosis and pulmonary hypertension: a retrospective cohort study.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseArticle
- Clinical implications of six-minute walk test in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a retrospective cohort study.Therapeutic advances in respiratory diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveA post-hoc analysis of the INCREASE trial and its open-label extension (OLE) was performed to evaluate whether inhaled treprostinil has a long-term survival benefit in patients with pulmonary hypertension associated with interstitial lung disease (PH-ILD).
methodsTwo different models of survival were employed; the inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) and the rank-preserving structural failure time (RPSFT) models both allow construction of a pseudo-placebo group, thereby allowing for long-term survival evaluation of patients with PH-ILD receiving inhaled treprostinil. Time-varying stabilised weights were calculated by fitting Cox proportional hazards models based on the baseline and time-varying prognostic factors to generate weighted Cox regression models with associated adjusted HRs.
resultsIn the INCREASE trial, there were 10 and 12 deaths in the inhaled treprostinil and placebo arms, respectively, during the 16-week randomised trial. During the OLE, all patients received inhaled treprostinil and there were 29 and 33 deaths in the prior inhaled treprostinil arm and prior placebo arm, respectively. With a conventional analysis, the HR for death was 0.71 (95% CI 0.46 to 1.10; p=0.1227). Both models demonstrated significant reductions in death associated with inhaled treprostinil treatment with HRs of 0.62 (95% CI 0.39 to 0.99; p=0.0483) and 0.26 (95% CI 0.07 to 0.98; p=0.0473) for the IPCW and RPSFT methods, respectively.
conclusionTwo independent modelling techniques that have been employed in the oncology literature both suggest a long-term survival benefit associated with inhaled treprostinil treatment in patients with PH-ILD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.