ReviewThe ocular surface2023
Recent advances in age-related meibomian gland dysfunction (ARMGD).
Review in The ocular surface, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intracrine androgen metabolism in the meibomian gland: regulation, circadian control, and implications in dry eye disease.Endocrine journal · 2026Review
- Indoor Environmental Exposures and Dry Eye Disease: Mechanisms, Clinical Impact, and Prevention Strategies.Toxics · 2026Review
- Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Prevalence of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Among Adults Aged 40 Years and Older.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Cross-species transcriptomics identify mineralocorticoid receptor pathway overactivation as a central driver of ocular rosacea.Nature communications · 2026Article
- WRCANet: wavelet residual cross-attention network for meibomian gland segmentation.Biomedical optics express · 2026Article
- Epigenetic Regulation of Sebaceous and Meibomian Glands: From Development to Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Ferroptosis in Meibomian Gland Progenitor Cells Contributes to Pathogenesis of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- DHCR24 Deficiency Drives Age-Related Meibomian Gland Dysfunction by Regulating Lipid Metabolic Imbalance and Cytosolic mtDNA-Induced cGAS-STING Activation.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Therapeutic Outcomes of Combined Eyelid Hygiene, Intense Pulsed Light, and Meibomian Gland Expression in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Analysis of risk factors associated with meibomian gland orifice obstruction severity in glaucoma patients: a clinical investigation.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Impact of definition of meibomian gland dysfunction on the frequency of MGD in dry eye disease from the DREAM© study.Contact lens & anterior eye : the journal of the British Contact Lens Association · 2025Article
- Clinical analysis of dry eye after refractive surgery in army recruits in 2024.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Morphological Characteristics of the Meibomian Glands: Impact of Demographics and Contact Lens Wear.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Applied anatomy and morphology of Meibomian glands in the non-human primate.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Age-Associated Changes in Meibum Composition, Distribution, and Function in Mice With Altered Hyaluronan Expression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- New Insights into the Role of Cellular Senescence and Its Therapeutic Implications in Ocular Diseases.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Oral Intake ofBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Identification of meibomian gland testosterone metabolites produced by tissue-intrinsic intracrine deactivation activity.iScience · 2025Article
- Identification of Meibomian gland stem cell populations and mechanisms of aging.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Meibomian glands (MGs), located within the tarsal plate of the eyelid, secrete meibum which is the lipid-rich secretion necessary for stabilizing the tear film and preventing tear evaporation. Changes in the quality and quantity of meibum produced causes MG dysfunction (MGD), the leading cause of evaporative dry eye disease (EDED). MGD is an underdiagnosed disease and it is estimated that, in the US, approximately 70 % of the population over 60 have MGD. Three forms of MGD occur based on their meibum secretion: hyposecretory, obstructive, and hypersecretory MGD. The pathophysiology of MGD remains poorly understood, however aging is the primary risk factor. With age, MGs undergo various age-related changes, including decreased acinar basal cell proliferation, hyperkeratinization, MG atrophy, and eventual MG drop-out, leading to age-related MGD (ARMGD). Additionally, studies have suggested that MGs can suffer inflammatory cell infiltration and changes innervation patterns with aging, which could also contribute towards ARMGD. This review focuses on how the aging process affects the MG, and more importantly, how age-related changes to the MG can lead to MG atrophy and MG drop-out, ultimately leading to ARMGD. This review also highlights the most recent developments in potential therapeutic interventions for ARMGD.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.