ArticleJournal of affective disorders2024
Evaluating a novel 8-factor dimensional model of PTSD in U.S. military veterans: Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 in Psychiatric Outpatients With PTSD.Psychiatry investigation · 2026Article
- Identify Delayed Trajectory from Resilience Trajectory in Trauma Exposed Youths: the Role of Different PTSD Dimensions.Research on child and adolescent psychopathology · 2026Article
- Evaluating the PCL-5 in China: new insights from its assessments over time and gender invariance.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Psychometric properties, factor structure, and functional correlates of the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 in a U.S. national sample of older veterans.International psychogeriatrics · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAccumulating data suggest that the structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms may be more nuanced than proposed by prevailing nosological models. Emerging theory further suggests that an 8-factor model with separate internally- (e.g., flashbacks) and externally- (e.g., trauma cue-related emotional reactivity) generated intrusive symptoms may best represent PTSD symptoms. To date, however, scarce research has evaluated the fit of this model and whether index traumas are differentially associated with it in populations at high risk for trauma exposure, such as military veterans.
methodsData were analyzed from a nationally representative sample of 3847 trauma-exposed U.S. veterans who participated in the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to evaluate the fit of a novel 8-factor model of PTSD symptoms relative to 4-factor DSM-5 and empirically-supported 7-factor hybrid models.
resultsThe 8-factor model fit the data significantly better than the 7-factor hybrid and 4-factor DSM-5 models. Combat exposure and harming others were more strongly associated with internally-generated intrusions, while interpersonal violence and disaster/accident showed stronger significant associations with externally-generated intrusions. LIMITATIONS: The 8-factor model requires validation in non-veteran and more diverse trauma-exposed populations, as well as with clinician-administered interviews.
conclusionsResults of this study provide support for a novel 8-factor model of PTSD symptoms that is characterized by separate internally- and externally-generated intrusions. They also suggest that certain index traumas may lead to differential expression of these symptoms.
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