ReviewHearing research2023
Individual similarities and differences in eye-movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs).
Review in Hearing research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Eye Movement-Related Eardrum Oscillations (EMREOs) Occur without Visual Input But Are Reduced during Closed Eyelids.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- On the potential sources of a low-frequency sound percept that only a few can perceive.PloS one · 2026Article
- Parametric information about eye movements is sent to the ears.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Detection of Spatially Localized Sounds Is Robust to Saccades and Concurrent Eye Movement-Related Eardrum Oscillations (EMREOs).The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Conserved features of eye movement related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) across humans and monkeys.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
We recently discovered a unique type of otoacoustic emission (OAE) time-locked to the onset (and offset) of saccadic eye movements and occurring in the absence of external sound (Gruters et al., 2018). How and why these eye-movement-related eardrum oscillations (EMREOs) are generated is unknown, with a role in visual-auditory integration being the likeliest candidate. Clues to both the drivers of EMREOs and their purpose can be gleaned by examining responses in normal hearing human subjects. Do EMREOs occur in all individuals with normal hearing? If so, what components of the response occur most consistently? Understanding which attributes of EMREOs are similar across participants and which show more variability will provide the groundwork for future comparisons with individuals with hearing abnormalities affecting the ear's various motor components. Here we report that in subjects with normal hearing thresholds and normal middle ear function, all ears show (a) measurable EMREOs (mean: 58.7 dB SPL; range 45-67 dB SPL for large contralateral saccades), (b) a phase reversal for contra- versus ipsilaterally-directed saccades, (c) a large peak in the signal occurring soon after saccade onset, (d) an additional large peak time-locked to saccade offset and (e) evidence that saccade duration is encoded in the signal. We interpret the attributes of EMREOs that are most consistent across subjects as the ones that are most likely to play an essential role in their function. The individual differences likely reflect normal variation in individuals' auditory system anatomy and physiology, much like traditional measures of auditory function such as auditory-evoked OAEs, tympanometry and auditory-evoked potentials. Future work will compare subjects with different types of auditory dysfunction to population data from normal hearing subjects. Overall, these findings provide important context for the widespread observations of visual- and eye-movement related signals found in cortical and subcortical auditory areas of the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.