SynthesisBMC medical education2023
Effectiveness of flipped classroom in pharmacy education - a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC medical education, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Application of flipped classroom in surgical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Critical thinking and clinical skills by problem-based learning educational methods: an umbrella systematic review.BMC medical education · 2025Pooled it
- From traditional classroom to AI-enhanced flipped classroom: a three-year pedagogical evolution for international students in pharmacology.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Enhancing rational prescribing skills in pharmacy students: a blended learning model of flipped classroom and think-pair-share for cardiovascular pharmacology.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Students' competencies in Problem-Based Learning influence evaluation of tutors.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Comparing Flipped Classroom and Traditional Lecture in Medical Histology Among Chinese Medical Students: Learning Outcomes and Student Feedback.Advances in medical education and practice · 2026Article
- Learning strategies, study behaviors, and academic performance among medical students in Jordan: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Reforming pedagogy in biotechnology pharmaceutics education: a narrative review of emerging teaching strategies.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- Balancing tradition and innovation: rethinking the dichotomy in anatomy teaching.Croatian medical journal · 2025Review
- Enhancing competency and self-directed learning in anesthesiology residency: an outcome-based education model integrating online-offline hybrid teaching and mind mapping: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Pharmacy students’ perspective on remote flipped classrooms in Malaysia: a qualitative study.Journal of educational evaluation for health professions · 2025Article
- Article
- Effects of flipped classroom teaching in anaesthesiology residents: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Article
- Building Practical Skills in Implementation and Dissemination Science: A Competency-Based Curriculum.Journal of medical education and curricular developmentArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFlipped classroom, blended with online and offline learning, was regarded as an effective learning approach in pharmacy education. This meta-analysis was to comprehensively compare the effectiveness of flipped classroom and traditional lecture-based approaches, attempting to generate a unified and firm conclusion of the effectiveness of flipped classroom in pharmacy education.
methodsData were collected from 7 databases, involving Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed). The studies were included if they included objective evaluation of students' performance between groups of flipped classroom and traditional approaches. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was used as the outcomes for data pooling.
resultsA total of 22 studies (28 comparing groups) with 4379 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The risk of bias was relatively high. Results of the analysis revealed that flipped classroom presented significant advantages over traditional approaches in student performance improvement, with no evidence of publication bias. Through subgroup analysis, it showed better outcomes for flipped classrooms over traditional lectures for the other subgroups, including different performance, degree programs.
conclusionsCurrent evidence reveals that the flipped classroom approach in pharmacy education yields a statistical improvement in student learning compared with traditional methods. In the future, instructors should introduce more online technology into classroom and construct an interactive learning environment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.