ArticleScientific reports2023
Trio-binning of a hinny refines the comparative organization of the horse and donkey X chromosomes and reveals novel species-specific features.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phased T2T horse and donkey assemblies from a mule reveal peculiar equid centromere evolution.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- The Donkey Genome: From Evolutionary Insights to Sustainable Breeding Strategies.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Comparative Study of Reprogramming Efficiency and Regulatory Mechanisms of Placental- and Fibroblast-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) in Mules.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Unraveling the genetic and physiological potential of donkeys: insights from genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Review
- Toward telomere-to-telomere cat genomes for precision medicine and conservation biology.Genome research · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
We generated single haplotype assemblies from a hinny hybrid which significantly improved the gapless contiguity for horse and donkey autosomal genomes and the X chromosomes. We added over 15 Mb of missing sequence to both X chromosomes, 60 Mb to donkey autosomes and corrected numerous errors in donkey and some in horse reference genomes. We resolved functionally important X-linked repeats: the DXZ4 macrosatellite and ampliconic Equine Testis Specific Transcript Y7 (ETSTY7). We pinpointed the location of the pseudoautosomal boundaries (PAB) and determined the size of the horse (1.8 Mb) and donkey (1.88 Mb) pseudoautosomal regions (PARs). We discovered distinct differences in horse and donkey PABs: a testis-expressed gene, XKR3Y, spans horse PAB with exons1-2 located in Y and exon3 in the X-Y PAR, whereas the donkey XKR3Y is Y-specific. DXZ4 had a similar ~ 8 kb monomer in both species with 10 copies in horse and 20 in donkey. We assigned hundreds of copies of ETSTY7, a sequence horizontally transferred from Parascaris and massively amplified in equids, to horse and donkey X chromosomes and three autosomes. The findings and products contribute to molecular studies of equid biology and advance research on X-linked conditions, sex chromosome regulation and evolution in equids.
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