ArticleJournal of clinical and experimental hepatology
Long Term Complications of Immunosuppression Post Liver Transplant.
Article in Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Research progress on the applicability of diagnostic criteria for metabolic and alcohol-related liver disease in patients with cirrhosis and after liver transplantation].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Stem Cell Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: A Mechanistically Distinct Role for Muse Cells.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Induction of Clinical Operational Tolerance Through Immunosuppression Minimization: Less Is More?Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Liver Regeneration: Current Status and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Empagliflozin attenuates dexamethasone-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulation of ferroptosis, inflammation and autophagy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- The Muscle-Liver Immunometabolic Axis in Liver Transplantation: A Decisive Role in Outcomes and Mechanisms.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Liver transplantation-related osteoporosis and fragility fractures: pathogenic pathways, risk stratification and novel targeted therapy advances.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Myeloid EGR1 contributes to Th17/Treg imbalance during acute liver allograft rejection in a rat model.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Liver transplantation for homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.Current opinion in lipidology · 2025Review
- Intestinal reengineering: Scientific advances in intestinal transplantation.World journal of gastrointestinal surgery · 2025Review
- Machine Learning-Based Selection of Resection vs Transplant and Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Update on the Complications and Management of Liver Cirrhosis.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Science and Art of Immunosuppression in Liver Transplantation.Journal of clinical and experimental hepatologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Improvement in immunosuppression has led to a remarkable improvement in short-term and long-term outcomes post-liver transplant (LT). However, with improvements in long-term survival, complications related to immunosuppressive drugs, either directly or indirectly, have also increased. The adverse events could be drug-specific, class-specific, or generic. Calcineurin inhibitors (cyclosporine and tacrolimus) are the backbone of the immunosuppression after LT and the main culprit associated with most of the complications, including renal failure, post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM), and metabolic syndrome. Steroids are also implicated in the development of diabetes, osteoporosis, and metabolic syndrome post-LT. The development of infections and de novo malignancies (DNMs) is a generic effect linked to the overall cumulative immunosuppression. The development of these complications significantly hampers the quality of life and leads to increased morbidity and mortality post-LT. Thus, it is important to minimize the cumulative immunosuppression dose while simultaneously preventing allograft rejection. This review provides up-to-date, comprehensive knowledge of the complications of long-term immunosuppression post-LT along with associated risk factors and strategies to minimize the risk of complications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.