ArticleJAMA network open2023
Cognitive and Emotional Well-Being of Preschool Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.
Article in JAMA network open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cohort Profile: The Ontario Birth Study (OBS).International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Maternal internalizing symptoms as a mechanism linking pre- and postnatal COVID-19 pandemic exposure with preschool-aged children's neurodevelopment.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Pandemic Babies: Developmental Outcomes in Preschool-Aged Children Born During the COVID-19 Era.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdowns on Gross Motor and Fine Motor Neurodevelopment in Toddlers.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Socio-Emotional Outcomes of Child Care Participation: Results of a Four-Year Longitudinal Cohort Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Pandemic Exposure and Toddler Behavioral Health in the ECHO Program.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 era on preventative primary care for children 0-5 years old: a scoping review.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- Caregiver Experiences, Healthcare Provider Perspectives and Child Outcomes with Virtual Care in a Neonatal Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Clinic: A Mixed-Methods Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on infants' development: analyzing the results of developmental assessments at ages 10-11 and 18-24 months.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
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12 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: The association between COVID-19 social disruption and young children's development is largely unknown. Objective: To examine associations of pandemic exposure with neurocognitive and socioemotional development at 24 and 54 months of age. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study evaluated associations between pandemic exposure vs nonexposure and developmental outcomes with covariate adjustment using data from the Ontario Birth Study collected between February 2018 and June 2022. Eligible participants were children aged 24 and 54 months. Data were analyzed from June to November 2022. Exposure: COVID-19 pandemic exposure defined as assessment after March 11, 2020. Main Outcome and Measures: Neurodevelopmental assessment using the ASQ-3 (Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition) and MCHAT-R (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised) at 24 months of age, and neurocognitive and socioemotional assessment using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox at 54 months of age. Results: A total of 718 children at age 24 months (mean [SD] age, 25.6 [1.7] months; 342 female [47.6%]; 461 White [64.2%]) and 703 at age 54 months (mean [SD] age, 55.4 [2.6] months; 331 female [47.1%]; 487 White [69.3%]) were included. At 24 months of age, 460 participants (232 female [50.4%]) were assessed during the pandemic (March 17, 2020, to May 17, 2022) and 258 (110 female [42.6%]) were assessed prepandemic (April 17, 2018, to March 10, 2020). At 54 months of age, 286 participants (129 female [45.1%]) were assessed from March 14, 2020, to June 6, 2022, and 417 (202 female [48.4%]) were assessed from February 8, 2018, to March 10, 2020. At 24 months of age, pandemic-exposed children had reduced risk of problem-solving difficulties using cutoff scores (odds ratio [OR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18-0.62; P = .005) and higher problem-solving (B, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.48 to 5.38; P < .001) compared with nonexposed children. In contrast, pandemic-exposed children had greater risk for personal-social difficulties using cutoff scores (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.09-2.56; P = .02) and continuous scores (B, -1.70; 95% CI, -3.21 to -0.20; P = .02) compared with nonexposed children. At 54 months of age, pandemic-exposed children had higher receptive vocabulary (B, 3.16; 95% CI, 0.13 to 6.19; P = .04), visual memory (B, 5.95; 95% CI, 1.11 to 10.79; P = .02), and overall cognitive performance (B, 3.89; 95% CI, 0.73 to 7.04; P = .02) compared with nonexposed children, with no differences in socioemotional development. Conclusions and Relevance: This cross-sectional study found both positive and negative associations between pandemic exposure and preschool children's cognitive and emotional well-being within a relatively socioeconomically advantaged sample.
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