ArticleEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin2023
Rebound in community antibiotic consumption after the observed decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic, EU/EEA, 2022.
Article in Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Saline nasal irrigation and gargling in COVID-19: Part II. Outcomes in Omicron and risk-benefit for self-care.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- High Antimicrobial Consumption, Low Reported Infection Rates: An Ecological Analysis of HAI Surveillance Discordance Across EU/EEA Countries.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparative Trends in Human and Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption in the European Union, 2019-2024.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Trends in Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions Issued in Croatian Primary Healthcare, 2015-2024.Infectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Outcomes of a Multifaceted Program on Antibiotic Prescribing in Primary Care Among Children Under Three Years of Age.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Determinants of prescribing behaviour of antibacterial drugs in Europe and use of appropriate nomenclature in the literature.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Antimicrobial Consumption in The Community Sector in Poland, 2019-2024: Changes and Challenges.Polish journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Epidemiology and risk factors ofEuro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Prescribing Patterns in Russian Outpatients in 2024: Results of the Global-PPS Project.Infection & chemotherapy · 2025Article
- Trends of antibiotic use for acute upper respiratory infections in Chinese emergency departments and the impact of COVID-19: a cross-sectional study.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2025Article
- Increase in Antibiotic Utilisation in Primary Care Post COVID-19 Pandemic.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Geographic signatures in the oral resistome: a comparative metagenomic analysis of healthy individuals from Thailand and Norway.Journal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- Rebound of Antibiotic Use and Respiratory Infections After Resumption of Normalcy From COVID-19 in Hong Kong.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Community antibiotic consumption in the European Union/European economic area: late-pandemic rebound and seasonality analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2024Article
- Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections in Europe After the COVID-19 Pandemic.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2024Review
- The Challenges of Treating aJournal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Returned Rate and Changed Patterns of Systemic Antibiotic Use in Ambulatory Care in Hungary after the Pandemic-A Longitudinal Ecological Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Inpatient Antibiotic and Antifungal Drug Prescribing Volumes in Germany.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Tracking progress on antimicrobial resistance by the quadripartite country self-assessment survey (TrACSS) in G7 countries, 2017-2023: opportunities and gaps.Pharmacological research · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We observed a rebound in consumption of antibacterials for systemic use (ATC J01) in the community sector in the European Union/European Economic Area during 2021 and 2022, after an observed decrease between 2019 and 2020. The rates in 2022 returned to pre-COVID-19-pandemic levels and were exceeded in 13 countries. Although these patterns could partly be a result of changes in disease transmission during the study period, it could also reflect a lost opportunity to strengthen and reinforce prudent antibiotic use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.