ArticleWorld journal of emergency medicine2023
Effects of a closed-loop system against SARS-CoV-2 at the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games: a descriptive and modeling study.
Article in World journal of emergency medicine, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of public health measures and strategies to reduce risk of spread of respiratory pathogens at sporting mass gatherings: systematic literature review.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Preparing for Potential Health and Safety Risks at the Olympic Games: Scoping Review.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundTo assess the efficacy of the epidemic prevention measures of the "closed-loop" system adopted by the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games (BOWG).
methodsWe retrospectively collected and analyzed information, including age, sex, nationality, vaccination status, date of diagnosis, and date of entry, from 280 SARS-CoV-2-positive individuals identified during the BOWG. A susceptibility-exposed-infectious-remove model was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of epidemic prevention strategies on controlling the spread of SARS-CoV-2 under different scenarios during the BOWG.
resultsRegarding SARS-CoV-2-positive cases, 97.9% were imported, and 96.4% were asymptomatic. The median age was 37 years (range: 29-47 years), and 73.9% were male, with the majority of cases being broadcasters and European attendees. Regarding vaccination status, 93.5% were fully vaccinated, and six cases were considered to have been infected in the closed-loop system during the BOWG. Assuming that the BOWG adopted a semi-closed-loop management system, the cumulative number of confirmed cases would be 1,137 for quick quarantine measures (3 d later) implemented and 5,530 for delayed quarantine measures (9 d later) implemented. This modeling revealed that stringent pandemic prevention measures and closed-loop management effectively controlled the spread of SARS-CoV-2 during the BOWG.
conclusionImported cases are considered the main risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during mass gatherings, but a comprehensive closed-loop system could minimize transmission among attendees and general personnel.
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