ReviewPerioperative medicine (London, England)2023
Periarticular injection, iPACK block, and peripheral nerve block in pain management after total knee arthroplasty: a structured narrative review.
Review in Perioperative medicine (London, England), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- No superior method for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty: randomised controlled comparison of adductor canal block combined with iPACK block versus posterior capsule block.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Trial
- The efficacy of liposomal bupivacaine in parasacral ischial plane block for pain management after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Trial
- Functional and Analgesic Effects of iPACK Blocks Added to Continuous Adductor Canal Blocks for ACL Reconstruction With Quadriceps Tendon Autograft: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Do Adductor Canal Blocks Provide Additional Analgesic Benefit to Periarticular Injection Alone for Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty?Arthroplasty today · 2026Article
- Effect of iPACK block versus femoral nerve block on postoperative movement pain and muscle strength in patients undergoing total knee replacement.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Two paths, one goal-uniting regional and general anesthesia for optimal surgical care: a narrative review.Ewha medical journal · 2025Article
- Supra-Sartorial Subcutaneous Infiltration (SSSI) for Anterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Coverage in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Preliminary Clinical Study.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of adductor canal block combined with iPACK block versus femoral combined with sciatic nerve blocks: a propensity score matched study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Observational
- Evaluation of Postoperative Pain When Adding a Tibial Nerve Block to the Femoral Nerve Block for Total Knee Arthroplasty.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Comment on: "L3 paravertebral block combined with retro-psoas compartment block versus femoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia in total knee arthroplasty".Saudi journal of anaesthesiaArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionTotal knee arthroplasty (TKA) is commonly performed in patients with end-stage osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis of the knee to reduce joint pain, increase mobility, and improve quality of life. However, TKA is associated with moderate to severe postoperative pain, which remains a significant clinical challenge. Surgeon-administered PAI and anesthesiologist-administered iPACK have proven viable alternatives to conventional peripheral nerve blocks. This review aims to discuss which IPACK block or periarticular injection, combined or not with different peripheral nerve blocks, has better effects on postoperative rehabilitation, patient satisfaction, and overall outcome. MATERIAL AND
methodsThe literature review was performed on standards of care, current therapeutic options, a pain management protocol, and innovative treatment options for patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty. The literature was reviewed through four electronic databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Embase.
resultsThe initial search yielded 694 articles. Fifty relevant articles were selected based on relevance, recentness, search quality, and citations. Six studies compared PAI to peripheral nerve block (PNB), and eight studies checked the effectiveness of adding PNB to PAI. Three studies compared iPACK to PNB, and ten reviewed the point of adding PNB to iPACK.
conclusionsThe literature review indicates that the best analgesic effect is obtained by combining PAI or iPACK with a peripheral nerve block, particularly with ACB, due to its analgesic, motor-sparing effect, and satisfactory analgesia.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.