ArticleScience advances2023
Sparking potential over 1200 V by a falling water droplet.
Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- High-Entropy Ceramic-Enhanced Deformable Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Noncontact Biomechanical and Raindrop Energy Harvesting.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Flexoelectricity and ion transport synergy for high efficient energy conversion.Science advances · 2026Article
- Multi-interface electrical double layers dynamics as a unified platform for power generation and environmental intelligence.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spontaneously charged water drops induce corrosion.Nature · 2026Article
- Soft Robots Powered by Sustainable Energy.Chemical reviews · 2026Review
- Elastic rebound engineering via leaf venation mimicry: boosting droplet spreading for high-performance triboelectric nanogenerators.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Bio-Based Wax Interfaces for Droplet Energy Harvesting at Fluoropolymer-Like Output Levels.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A waterproof and ultra-elastic thermoelectric foam for underwater human signal detection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Fluorinated Polymers for Hydrovoltaic Energy Harvesting: Mechanisms and Multifunctional Integration.ACS polymers Au · 2025Review
- Enhancing the Output Performance of Tubular Gas-Liquid Mixing Triboelectric Nanogenerator by Bulk Effect.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Floating droplet electricity generator on water.National science review · 2025Article
- Efficiency optimization for large-scale droplet-based electricity generator arrays with integrated microsupercapacitor arrays.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Surfactants Screen Slide Electrification.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- The limit of droplet rebound angle.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Impact of Sub-Nanoscale Surface Topography on Contact Line Profile: Insights from Coherence Scanning Interferometry.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Bio-energy-powered microfluidic devices.Biomicrofluidics · 2024Article
- Electricity generated by upstream proton diffusion in two-dimensional nanochannels.Nature nanotechnology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hydrovoltaic technology has achieved notable breakthroughs in electric output via using the moving boundary of electric double layer, but the output voltage induced by droplets is saturated around 350 volts, and the underlying mechanism remains to be further clarified. Here, we show that falling water droplets can stably spark an unprecedented voltage up to 1200 volts within microseconds that they contact an electrode placed on top of an electret surface, approaching the theoretical upper limit. This sparking potential can be explained and described by a comprehensive model considering the water-electrode contact dynamics from both the macroscale droplet spreading and the microscale electric double layer formation, as well as the presence of a circuit capacitance. It is demonstrated that a droplet-induced electric spark is sufficient to directly ionize gas at atmospheric pressure and split water into hydrogen and oxygen, showing wide application potential in fields of green energy and intelligence.
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Registered trials
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