ArticlePloS one2023
Interruptions in treatment among adults on anti-retroviral therapy before and after test-and-treat policy in Tanzania.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Implementation Lessons and Policy Implications of Same-Day Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: Insights from the ART Same-Day Counselling and Initiation (ASCI) SOP in South Africa.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Trial
- Population Viral Load Suppression and Associated Factors in Tanzania: Findings From 2 Sequential Tanzania HIV Impact Surveys of 2016-2017 and 2022-2023.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2026Article
- Article
- Direct collaboration between hospitals and NGOs, an essential tool to reinforce linkage to care in people living with HIV.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Ensuring equitable access to quality HIV care for affected populations in complex sociocultural settings: Lessons from Nigeria.PloS one · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe World Health Organization recommended the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) regardless of CD4 cell counts. Tanzania adopted this recommendation known as test-and-treat policy in 2016. However, programmatic implementation of this policy has not been assessed since its initiation. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of this policy in Tanzania.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study among PLHIV aged 15 years and older using routinely collected program data. The dependent variable was interruption in treatment (IIT), defined as no clinical contact for at least 90 days after the last clinical appointment. The main independent variable was test-and-treat policy status which categorized PLHIV into the before and after groups. Co-variates were age, sex, facility type, clinical stage, CD4 count, ART duration, and body mass index. The associations were assessed using the generalized estimating equation with inverse probability weighting.
resultsThe study involved 33,979 PLHIV-14,442 (42.5%) and 19,537 (57.5%) were in the before and after the policy groups, respectively. Among those who experienced IIT, 4,219 (29%) and 7,322 (38%) were in the before and after the policy groups respectively. Multivariable analysis showed PLHIV after the policy was instated had twice [AOR 2.03; 95%CI 1.74-2.38] the odds of experiencing IIT than those before the policy was adopted. Additionally, higher odds of experiencing IIT were observed among younger adults, males, and those with advanced HIV disease.
conclusionDemographic and clinical status variables were associated with IIT, as well as the test-and-treat policy. To achieve epidemic control, programmatic adjustments on continuity of treatment may are needed to complement the programmatic implementation of the policy.
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