ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2024
Evolution and biological characterization of H5N1 influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.2.1 hemagglutinin gene.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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21 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mouse-lethal H5N1 influenza virus carrying the PB2-384L/443R/460M characteristics acquired in avian hosts can effectively utilize human ANP32A/B proteins.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus, clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.13 in placentas from aborted bovine fetuses.Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc · 2026Article
- Evolving dynamics of H5Nx avian influenza in China revealed by long-term wild bird surveillance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomic profiling reveals distinct immune landscapes in murine lungs infected with H1N1 versus H5N1 influenza viruses.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Isoleucine at position 137 of haemagglutinin acts as a mammalian adaptation marker of H9N2 avian influenza virus.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Epidemiology, evolution, and biological characteristics of H3 avian influenza viruses isolated from chickens in China.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Characterization of emerging H3N3 avian influenza viruses in poultry in China.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Zoonotic Implications of the Co-Circulation of Clade 2.3.4.4b and 2.3.2.1a H5N1 Avian Influenza Viruses in Nepal in 2023.Viruses · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Evolutionary and Structural Analysis of the H5N1 Clade 2.4.3.4b Influenza a Virus Based on the Sequences and Data Mining of the Hemagglutinin, Nucleoprotein and Neuraminidase Genes Across Multiple Hosts.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Emerging Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Causes Neurological Disease and Mortality in Scavenging Ducks in Bangladesh.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Identification and characterization of a broadly neutralizing and protective nanobody against the HA1 domain of H5 avian influenza virus hemagglutinin.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Characteristics of the First Domestic Duck-Origin H12N8 Avian Influenza Virus in China.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Novel H10N3 Avian Influenza Virus Triggers Lethal Cytokine Storm by Activating Multiple Forms of Programmed Cell Death in Mammalian Lungs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- PB2 627V and HA 217 sites synergistically affect the lethality of H9N2 in mice.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Quantifying Time-Dependent Predictors for the International Spatial Spread of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5NX: Focus on Trade and Surveillance Efforts.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Article
- Evolution of H7N9 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in the context of vaccination.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Article
- Avian influenza overview March-June 2024.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Australia's first human case of H5N1 and the current H7 poultry outbreaks: implications for public health and biosecurity measures.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- Ecological and Genetic Landscapes of Global H12 Avian Influenza Viruses and Biological Characteristics of an H12N5 Virus Isolated from Wild Ducks in Eastern China.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
H5N1 avian influenza viruses bearing the clade 2.3.2.1 hemagglutinin (HA) gene have been widely detected in birds and poultry in several countries. During our routine surveillance, we isolated 28 H5N1 viruses between January 2017 and October 2020. To investigate the genetic relationship of the globally circulating H5N1 viruses and the biological properties of those detected in China, we performed a detailed phylogenic analysis of 274 representative H5N1 strains and analyzed the antigenic properties, receptor-binding preference, and virulence in mice of the H5N1 viruses isolated in China. The phylogenic analysis indicated that the HA genes of the 274 viruses belonged to six subclades, namely clades 2.3.2.1a to 2.3.2.1f; these viruses acquired gene mutations and underwent complicated reassortment to form 58 genotypes, with G43 being the dominant genotype detected in eight Asian and African countries. The 28 H5N1 viruses detected in this study carried the HA of clade 2.3.2.1c (two strains), 2.3.2.1d (three strains), or 2.3.2.1f (23 strains), and formed eight genotypes. These viruses were antigenically well-matched with the H5-Re12 vaccine strain used in China. Animal studies showed that the pathogenicity of the H5N1 viruses ranged from non-lethal to highly lethal in mice. Moreover, the viruses exclusively bound to avian-type receptors and have not acquired the ability to bind to human-type receptors. Our study reveals the overall picture of the evolution of clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 viruses and provides insights into the control of these viruses.
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