ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2023
Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for folate.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unmetabolized Folic Acid: Biology, Epidemiology, and Clinical Consequences: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Using 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate instead of folic acid in prenatal multivitamin reduces unmetabolized folic acid concentrations in the mother-fetus dyad: a 24-week randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Comprehensive safety assessment of novel dicholine folate vitamin.Toxicology reports · 2026Article
- Choline and Its Companions: Inter-Related Roles of Choline and B Vitamins in Fetal Development and Offspring Health.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Nutrition, Physical Activity and Other Health Aspects Before and During Pregnancy - Recommendations by the Nationwide "Healthy Start Network" (Netzwerk Gesund ins Leben) 2026.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Edible Pig Tissues (Kidneys, Liver, Muscle and Fat) in Greece Determined by HPLC-FD.Toxins · 2026Article
- Optimisation of Micronutrient Supplementation During Pregnancy: Interactions Between Bioactive Compounds, Their Impact on Health, and Regulatory Considerations.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Folic Acid Therapy is Associated with a Lower Risk of Incident Diabetes and Better Glycemic Status in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: Findings from a Multicenter Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Article
- Health literacy of pregnant women and its association with methyl-group donor intake and folic acid supplementation: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Assessment of Women's Discretionary Salt Intake and Household Salt Utilization in Preparation for a Salt Fortification Trial in Oromia Region, Ethiopia.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Review
- Biological, dietetic and pharmacological properties of vitamin BNPJ science of food · 2025Review
- Toxic Effects of Excess Vitamins A, B6, and Folic Acid on the Nervous System.Behavioural neurology · 2025Review
- Dietary Micronutrient Intake and the Prevalence of Metabolic Conditions among Children from the United States-Affiliated Pacific Region in the Children's Healthy Living Program.Current developments in nutrition · 2025Article
- High-dose folic acid use and cancer risk in women who have given birth: A register-based cohort study.Epilepsia · 2025Article
- Understanding the Genetic Architecture of Vitamin Status Biomarkers in the Genome-Wide Association Study Era: Biological Insights and Clinical Significance.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Review
- Guidance for establishing and applying tolerable upper intake levels for vitamins and essential minerals.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Guidance on scientific principles and data requirements for the safety and relative bioavailability assessment of new micronutrient sources.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Plain Language Summary of the Scientific opinion on the tolerable upper intake level for iron.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Development and short evaluation of the Dutch healthy diet index for pregnant women; DHD-P.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission (EC), the EFSA Panel on Nutrition, Novel Foods and Food Allergens (NDA) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the revision of the tolerable upper intake level (UL) for folic acid/folate. Systematic reviews of the literature were conducted to assess evidence on priority adverse health effects of excess intake of folate (including folic acid and the other authorised forms, (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid glucosamine and l-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid calcium salts), namely risk of cobalamin-dependent neuropathy, cognitive decline among people with low cobalamin status, and colorectal cancer and prostate cancer. The evidence is insufficient to conclude on a positive and causal relationship between the dietary intake of folate and impaired cognitive function, risk of colorectal and prostate cancer. The risk of progression of neurological symptoms in cobalamin-deficient patients is considered as the critical effect to establish an UL for folic acid. No new evidence has been published that could improve the characterisation of the dose-response between folic acid intake and resolution of megaloblastic anaemia in cobalamin-deficient individuals. The ULs for folic acid previously established by the Scientific Committee on Food are retained for all population groups, i.e. 1000 μg/day for adults, including pregnant and lactating women, 200 μg/day for children aged 1-3 years, 300 μg/day for 4-6 years, 400 μg/day for 7-10 years, 600 μg/day for 11-14 years and 800 μg/day for 15-17 years. A UL of 200 μg/day is established for infants aged 4-11 months. The ULs apply to the combined intake of folic acid, (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid glucosamine and l-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid calcium salts, under their authorised conditions of use. It is unlikely that the ULs for supplemental folate are exceeded in European populations, except for regular users of food supplements containing high doses of folic acid/5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid salts.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.