ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2023
Interactions among acute respiratory viruses in Beijing, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai, China, 2009-2019.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Detection and Genetic Diversity of Measles and Parainfluenza Viruses Circulating in Humans in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Individual and Environmental Factors Influencing Influenza Transmission: A Multilevel Analysis.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Interaction analysis of non-bacterial respiratory pathogens during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in two cities along the eastern coast of China.Pediatric investigation · 2026Article
- Epidemiological profile of respiratory viruses associated with influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory infection in Guangzhou, China, 2024-2025.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of single and co-infections with upper respiratory tract pathogens among children in eastern China: a retrospective study.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Development and clinical application of a rapid qPCR instrument featuring three independent temperature modules and a time-based algorithm for respiratory pathogen diagnosis.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Coinfection with Respiratory Pathogens and Dengue Disease Severity in Puerto Rico, 2012-2024.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Using COVID-19 pandemic perturbation to model RSV-hMPV interactions and potential implications under RSV interventions.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Population-level respiratory virus-virus interactions, Puerto Rico, 2013-2023.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Article
- Epidemiological and molecular characteristics of human parainfluenza virus in southern China during 2016-2020.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Immunological pathogenesis and treatment progress of adenovirus pneumonia in children.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Clinical characterisation of human metapneumovirus infection in 525 patients with respiratory tract infections in Jilin province.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Development of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of 18 respiratory viruses.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological shift and clinical characteristics of rhinovirus genotypes in acute respiratory tract infection cases in Kunming, China, from 2019 to 2023.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Sentinel Enhanced Dengue Surveillance System - Puerto Rico, 2012-2022.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, D.C. : 2002) · 2024Article
- Epidemiological Characteristics of Human Parainfluenza Viruses Infections - China, 2019-2023.China CDC weekly · 2024Article
- Interactions among acute respiratory viruses in Beijing, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai, China, 2009-2019.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: A viral infection can modify the risk to subsequent viral infections via cross-protective immunity, increased immunopathology, or disease-driven behavioral change. There is limited understanding of virus-virus interactions due to lack of long-term population-level data. Methods: Our study leverages passive surveillance data of 10 human acute respiratory viruses from Beijing, Chongqing, Guangzhou, and Shanghai collected during 2009 to 2019: influenza A and B viruses; respiratory syncytial virus A and B; human parainfluenza virus (HPIV), adenovirus, metapneumovirus (HMPV), coronavirus, bocavirus (HBoV), and rhinovirus (HRV). We used a multivariate Bayesian hierarchical model to evaluate correlations in monthly prevalence of test-positive samples between virus pairs, adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Of 101,643 lab-tested patients, 33,650 tested positive for any acute respiratory virus, and 4,113 were co-infected with multiple viruses. After adjusting for intrinsic seasonality, long-term trends and multiple comparisons, Bayesian multivariate modeling found positive correlations for HPIV/HRV in all cities and for HBoV/HRV and HBoV/HMPV in three cities. Models restricted to children further revealed statistically significant associations for another ten pairs in three of the four cities. In contrast, no consistent correlation across cities was found among adults. Most virus-virus interactions exhibited substantial spatial heterogeneity. Conclusions: There was strong evidence for interactions among common respiratory viruses in highly populated urban settings. Consistent positive interactions across multiple cities were observed in viruses known to typically infect children. Future intervention programs such as development of combination vaccines may consider spatially consistent virus-virus interactions for more effective control.
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