ArticleTrials2023
The SWiFT trial (Study of Whole Blood in Frontline Trauma)-the clinical and cost effectiveness of pre-hospital whole blood versus standard care in patients with life-threatening traumatic haemorrhage: study protocol for a multi-centre randomised controlled trial.
Article in Trials, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood transfusion strategies for major bleeding in trauma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- A stochastic, physiology-based digital twin model of hemostasis and oxygenation in trauma resuscitation.Research square · 2026Article
- Alternative models of consent in out-of-hospital transfusion trials: a CAN-PATT position statement supporting exception from prospective consent with opt-out notification.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Revisiting whole blood transfusion for the massively bleeding patient: The origins of resistance to change.Transfusion · 2026Article
- Review
- Prehospital transfusion strategies in haemorrhagic shock.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Effects of leukoreduction and storage duration on whole blood hemostatic function: a prospectiveFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Pre-hospital blood product transfusion and calcium management in the United Kingdom: a multicentre service evaluation.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Characteristics, Regional Evaluation, and D-Antigen in Transfusions by Emergency Medical Services.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- What we do matters.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2025Review
- [Prehospital blood transfusion : Opportunities and challenges for the German emergency medical services].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2024Review
- [Focus emergency medicine 2023/2024-Summary of selected studies in emergency medicine].Die Anaesthesiologie · 2024Review
- Contemporary management of traumatic cardiac arrest and peri-arrest states: a narrative review.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly blood transfusion improves survival in patients with life-threatening bleeding, but the optimal transfusion strategy in the pre-hospital setting has yet to be established. Although there is some evidence of benefit with the use of whole blood, there have been no randomised controlled trials exploring the clinical and cost effectiveness of pre-hospital administration of whole blood versus component therapy for trauma patients with life-threatening bleeding. The aim of this trial is to determine whether pre-hospital leukocyte-depleted whole blood transfusion is better than standard care (blood component transfusion) in reducing the proportion of participants who experience death or massive transfusion at 24 h.
methodsThis is a multi-centre, superiority, open-label, randomised controlled trial with internal pilot and within-trial cost-effectiveness analysis. Patients of any age will be eligible if they have suffered major traumatic haemorrhage and are attended by a participating air ambulance service. The primary outcome is the proportion of participants with traumatic haemorrhage who have died (all-cause mortality) or received massive transfusion in the first 24 h from randomisation. A number of secondary clinical, process, and safety endpoints will be collected and analysed. Cost (provision of whole blood, hospital, health, and wider care resource use) and outcome data will be synthesised to present incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for the trial primary outcome and cost per quality-adjusted life year at 90 days after injury. We plan to recruit 848 participants (a two-sided test with 85% power, 5% type I error, 1-1 allocation, and one interim analysis would require 602 participants-after allowing for 25% of participants in traumatic cardiac arrest and an additional 5% drop out, the sample size is 848). DISCUSSION: The SWiFT trial will recruit 848 participants across at least ten air ambulances services in the UK. It will investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of whole blood transfusion versus component therapy in the management of patients with life-threatening bleeding in the pre-hospital setting.
trial registrationISRCTN: 23657907; EudraCT: 2021-006876-18; IRAS Number: 300414; REC: 22/SC/0072, 21 Dec 2021.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.