Evidence map›Paper›PMID 37961687›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2023

Immune Epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Considerations for Universal Vaccine Development.

Nicholas Magazine, Tianyi Zhang, Anang D Bungwon, Michael C McGee, Yingying Wu, Gianluca Veggiani, Weishan Huang

Open access · greenAbstract readPreprint
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Nicholas MagazineDepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Tianyi ZhangDepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Anang D BungwonDepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Michael C McGeeDepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Yingying WuDepartment of Mathematics, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.
Gianluca VeggianiDepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Weishan HuangDepartment of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1330-1131
Louisiana State University · USUniversity of Houston · US

Funding

The role of adipocyte-driven inflammation and leptin pathway in pulmonary viral infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virusesP20GM130555 · NIGMS · LOUISIANA STATE UNIV A&M COL BATON ROUGE · PI Alexandra Noel · 2019 to 2026
$19.9M
Markers and regulation of regulatory CD8+ T cells during influenza-induced lung immunopathologyR01AI151139 · NIAID · LOUISIANA STATE UNIV A&M COL BATON ROUGE · PI HUANG, WEISHAN · 2021 to 2025
$1.9M
Programming designer DNA nanostructures for blocking enveloped viral infectionR21AI166898 · NIAID · LOUISIANA STATE UNIV A&M COL BATON ROUGE · PI HUANG, WEISHAN, WANG, XING · 2023 to 2024
$431k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI151139NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI166898NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM130555
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite the success of global vaccination programs in slowing the spread of COVID-19, these efforts have been hindered by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 strains capable of evading prior immunity. The mutation and evolution of SARS-CoV-2 have created a demand for persistent efforts in vaccine development. SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein has been the primary target for COVID-19 vaccine development, but it is also the hotspot of mutations directly involved in host susceptibility and immune evasion. Our ability to predict emerging mutants and select conserved epitopes is critical for the development of a broadly neutralizing therapy or a universal vaccine. In this article, we review the general paradigm of immune responses to COVID-19 vaccines, highlighting the immunological epitopes of Spike protein that are likely associated with eliciting protective immunity resulting from vaccination. Specifically, we analyze the structural and evolutionary characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein related to immune activation and function via the toll-like receptors (TLRs), B cells, and T cells. We aim to provide a comprehensive analysis of immune epitopes of Spike protein, thereby contributing to the development of new strategies for broad neutralization or universal vaccination.

Indexed as

Broad NeutralizationCOVID-19Genetic EntropyGlycosylationImmune EpitopeSpikeUniversal Vaccine

Identifiers

PMID37961687
PMCPMC10634854
OpenAlexW4387968383

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.