ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2023
The Implementation of Precise Point Positioning (PPP): A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Sensor-Centric Survey of Autonomous Driving: Integrating Measurement Physics, Uncertainty Modeling, and Safety-Critical Multi-Sensor Fusion.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of Satellite Clock Corrections and Different Precise Products on GPS and Galileo Precise Point Positioning Performance.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- 5G Indoor Positioning Error Correction Based on 5G-PECNN.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Ultra-Wideband Ranging Error Mitigation with Novel Channel Impulse Response Feature Parameters and Two-Step Non-Line-of-Sight Identification.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-precision positioning from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has garnered increased interest due to growing demand in various applications, like autonomous car navigation and precision agriculture. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) offers a distinct advantage over differential techniques by enabling precise position determination of a GNSS rover receiver through the use of external corrections sourced from either the Internet or dedicated correction satellites. However, PPP's implementation has been challenging due to the need to mitigate numerous GNSS error sources, many of which are eliminated in differential techniques such as Real-Time Kinematics (RTK) or overlooked in Standard Point Positioning (SPP). This paper extensively reviews PPP's error sources, such as ionospheric delays, tropospheric delays, satellite orbit and clock errors, phase and code biases, and site displacement effects. Additionally, this article examines various PPP models and correction sources that can be employed to address these errors. A detailed discussion is provided on implementing the standard dual-frequency (DF)-PPP to achieve centimeter- or millimeter-level positioning accuracy. This paper includes experimental examples of PPP implementation results using static data from the International GNSS Service (IGS) station network and a kinematic road test based on the actual trajectory to showcase DF-PPP development for practical applications. By providing a fusion of theoretical insights with practical demonstrations, this comprehensive review offers readers a pragmatic perspective on the evolving field of Precise Point Positioning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.