ArticleNutrients2023
The Relationship between Breakfast and Sleep and Cardiovascular Risk Factors.
Article in Nutrients, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does breakfast skipping alter the serum lipids of university students?BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Chrononutrition behaviors and cardiometabolic risk in adolescence: an ecological momentary assessment study.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Association between magnesium depletion score and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk: a secondary data analysis from NHANES.BMJ open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite extensive research on the individual effects of breakfast and sleep on health outcomes, there has been limited investigation into their combined effects. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between breakfast-eating behavior and sleep timing on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. A total of 16,121 participants (6744 men and 9377 women) aged 19 years or older were selected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2016-2018, 2021). We classified participants into four groups: early sleep + regular breakfast eaters (group 1), late sleep + regular breakfast eaters (group 2), early sleep + infrequent breakfast eaters (group 3), and late sleep + infrequent breakfast eaters (group 4). In men, group 4 had a lower prevalence of obesity than group 1 (OR 0.78, 95%CI 0.62-0.97), and groups 2, 3, and 4 had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) than group 1 (OR 1.43, 1.62, and 1.47, respectively). In women, group 4 had a lower prevalence of dyslipidemia than group 1 (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.44-0.80), and group 2 had a higher prevalence of MetS than group 1 (OR 1.24, 95%CI 1.03-1.50). The combination of skipping breakfast and late sleep timing was associated with the higher prevalence of MetS particularly in men. Moreover, the relationship between breakfast and sleep timing on CVD risk factors differed by sex and age group.
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Registered trials
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