ArticleJournal of racial and ethnic health disparities2025
Multi-Level and Intersectional Stigma Experienced by Black Transgender Women in Chicago: a Qualitative Study to Inform Sociostructural Interventions for Reducing Stigma and Improving Health Outcomes.
Article in Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Visualizing stigma and HIV service engagement: a participatory approach using causal loop diagrams.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Health at the Intersection of Race and Gender in Medicare Fee for Service.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
- 'Taking it one day at a time' and 'Reaching back out to help someone': How transgender women living with HIV and community stakeholders navigate violence, oppression, and health through coping and advocacy.BMC public health · 2024Article
- HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis programme preferences among sexually active HIV-negative transgender and gender diverse adults in the United States: a conjoint analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundStigma contributes to health disparities including increased HIV vulnerability among minority communities. Black transgender women experience multiple forms of stigma (e.g., anticipated, experienced), which can result in poor HIV-related outcomes. We utilized an adapted social ecological model (ASEM) to better understand the levels at which stigma is encountered and its impact on lived experience, particularly related to making healthcare decisions.
methodsSemi-structured interviews and two focus groups (n = 38) were conducted with Black transgender women and Black transfeminine individuals in Chicago from 2016 to 2017. Participants were asked about discrimination in the community, healthcare experiences, and their thoughts and decision-making process with their healthcare provider regarding HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis. We conducted thematic analysis and organized our findings based on the levels of the ASEM: individual, interpersonal, organizational, community, and structural.
resultsParticipants experienced and anticipated stigma at each ASEM level. Stigma was not experienced in isolation: stigma experienced at one level caused anticipated stigma at other levels and internalized stigma leading to negative self-image. In each case, stigma adversely impacted health outcomes (e.g., medication nonadherence, disengagement from care). Stigma within healthcare settings, medication-related stigma, and stigma directed at appearance and identity are particularly detrimental to shared decision-making with a healthcare provider.
conclusionsRecognizing and valuing Black transgender women's experience with stigma are essential for developing social and structural interventions that may work collaboratively across multiple levels of lived experience to reduce stigma and healthcare disparities faced by Black transgender women.
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