SynthesisEndocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea)2023
Incidence of Endocrine-Related Dysfunction in Patients Treated with New Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Review.
Synthesis in Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced cancer: clinical association of irAEs type, inflammatory markers and efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Phase II Pilot Trial of Tislelizumab plus Low-Dose Nab-Paclitaxel for Extensive Very High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Article
- Risk factors for endocrinological immune-related adverse events in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Observational
- Impact of dermatology targeted immunotherapies on autoimmune thyroid diseases: cytokine-network crosstalk and thyroid safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Safety profile of ipilimumab in elderly patients: a disproportionate analysis based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Confounding-aware disproportionality analysis reveals disease-inherent versus drug-attributable endocrine safety signals of immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Predictive value of pre-existing thyroid autoantibodies for PD-1 inhibitor-induced hypothyroidism: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Association of endocrine immune-related adverse events with progression-free survival in advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors with or without anlotinib.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Systematic monitoring identified a high incidence of hypopituitarism following combined ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy for metastatic melanoma.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Adverse drug events of immune checkpoint inhibitors - a retrospective, descriptive real-world data analysis.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Sheehan's syndrome complicated with Graves' disease in a woman with a 20-year history of hypothyroidism.The Journal of international medical research · 2025Article
- Quality of Life of Lung Cancer Patients with Immune-Related Endocrinopathies During Immunotherapy: A Prospective Study Based on the EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-LC13 Questionnaires in Romania.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Hypophysitis: A Call for Vigilance.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Combined PD-1 and CTLA-4 Blockade Increases the Risks of Multiple Pituitary Hormone Deficiency and Isolated Adrenocorticotropic Deficiency: A Prospective Study.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2025Article
- Real-World Evaluation of Immune-Related Endocrinopathies in Metastatic NSCLC Patients Treated with ICIs in Romania.Cancers · 2025Article
- Clinical manifestations and risk factors of immune-related thyroid adverse events in patients treated with PD-1 inhibitors: a case-control study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Adverse drug reaction assessment of pembrolizumab in cervical cancer treatment: a real-world pharmacovigilance study using the FAERS database.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Immune-related adverse events with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors: insights from a real-world cohort of 2523 patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Influencing immunity: role of extracellular vesicles in tumor immune checkpoint dynamics.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgruoundThis study investigated the incidence of endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs) for recently developed immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) drugs.
methodsWe collected studies on newly developed ICI drugs using PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception through January 31, 2023. Among ICI drugs, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab were excluded from the new ICI drugs because many papers on endocrine-related side effects have already been published.
resultsA total of 44,595 patients from 177 studies were included in this analysis. The incidence of hypothyroidism was 10.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.9% to 11.4%), thyrotoxicosis was 4.6% (95% CI, 3.8% to 5.7%), hypophysitis was 0.8% (95% CI, 0.5% to 1.1%), adrenal insufficiency was 0.9% (95% CI, 0.7% to 1.1%), and hyperglycemia was 2.3% (95% CI, 1.6% to 3.4%). Hypothyroidism and thyrotoxicosis occurred most frequently with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors (13.7% and 7.5%, respectively). The rate of endocrine side effects for the combination of a programmed death-ligand 1 inhibitor (durvalumab) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 inhibitor (tremelimumab) was higher than that of monotherapy. In a meta-analysis, the combination of tremelimumab and durvalumab had a 9- to 10-fold higher risk of pituitary and adrenal-related side effects than durvalumab alone.
conclusionNewly developed PD-1 inhibitors had a high incidence of thyroid-related irAEs, and combined treatment with durvalumab and tremelimumab increased the risk of pituitary- and adrenal-related irAEs. Based on these facts, it is necessary to predict the endocrine side effects corresponding to each ICI drug, diagnose and treat them appropriately, and try to reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.