ReviewExperimental eye research2023
Estrogen dysregulation, intraocular pressure, and glaucoma risk.
Review in Experimental eye research, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Estrogen in Mitochondrial Disease.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Pro-Homeostatic Effects of Estrogen on Intraocular Pressure and the Trabecular Meshwork.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Systematic genomic Mendelian randomization profiling of early molecular markers of optic atrophy.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- The prevalence and medical costs of neovascular glaucoma in a tertiary medical center in China from 2016 to 2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Female Reproductive Factors in Relation to Risk of Exfoliation Glaucoma or Glaucoma Suspect.American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Effect of estrogen and progesterone therapy on intraocular pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.European journal of translational myology · 2025Article
- Variations in Intraocular Pressure Among Athletes Across Different Sports Disciplines.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- 2021 global burden of disease study: a comprehensive analysis of glaucoma in the middle-aged and older adult population at global, regional, and national levels.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Consensus Recommendations for Studies of Outflow Facility and Intraocular Pressure Regulation Using Ex Vivo Perfusion Approaches.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- A perspective from the National Eye Institute Extracellular Vesicle Workshop: Gaps, needs, and opportunities for studies of extracellular vesicles in vision research.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Review
- The Identification of New Pharmacological Targets for the Treatment of Glaucoma: A Network Pharmacology Approach.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Characterized by optic nerve atrophy due to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Of the major risk factors for glaucoma (age, ocular hypertension, and genetics), only elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is modifiable, which is largely regulated by aqueous humor outflow through the trabecular meshwork. Glucocorticoids such as dexamethasone have long been known to elevate IOP and lead to glaucoma. However, several recent studies have reported that steroid hormone estrogen levels inversely correlate with glaucoma risk, and that variants in estrogen signaling genes have been associated with glaucoma. As a result, estrogen dysregulation may contribute to glaucoma pathogenesis, and estrogen signaling may protect against glaucoma. The mechanism for estrogen-related protection against glaucoma is not completely understood but likely involves both regulation of IOP homeostasis and neuroprotection of RGCs. Based upon its known activities, estrogen signaling may promote IOP homeostasis by affecting extracellular matrix turnover, focal adhesion assembly, actin stress fiber formation, mechanosensation, and nitric oxide production. In addition, estrogen receptors in the RGCs may mediate neuroprotective functions. As a result, the estrogen signaling pathway may offer a therapeutic target for both IOP control and neuroprotection. This review examines the evidence for a relationship between estrogen and IOP and explores the possible mechanisms by which estrogen maintains IOP homeostasis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.