ArticleVeterinary research communications2024
Epidemiological investigation of ASF outbreaks in Kerala (India): detection, source tracing and economic implications.
Article in Veterinary research communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- First Evidence of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus and African Swine Fever Virus Natural Co-Infection in Pigs from Karnataka, India: An Epidemiological Investigation.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Emergence of African Swine Fever in Sri Lanka, 2024.Viruses · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology, spatiotemporal patterns, and economic impact of African swine fever in Meghalaya, India.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- A countrywide survey of PRRS indicates widespread seroprevalence in India with age of the pig and zone as significant risk factors.Virusdisease · 2025Article
- First detection and molecular characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in India: evidence of a new variant in Karnataka.Virology journal · 2025Article
- First report of acute African swine fever in pig farms on the west coast of India: pathological and molecular insights.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of African swine fever virus from a pig farm in India.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
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Abstract
This study investigates suspected African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in two villages of Kannur district in Kerala, India, with the aim of identifying the causative agent and its genotype, the source of infection, and estimating the economic losses due to the outbreaks. Clinically, the disease was acute with high mortality, while gross pathology was characterized by widespread haemorrhages in various organs, especially the spleen, which was dark, enlarged and had friable cut surfaces with diffuse haemorrhages. Notably, histopathological examination revealed multifocal, diffuse haemorrhages in the splenic parenchyma and lymphoid depletion accompanied by lymphoid cell necrosis. The clinico-pathological observations were suggestive of ASF, which was confirmed by PCR. The source of outbreak was identified as swill and it was a likely point source infection as revealed by epidemic curve analysis. The phylogenetic analysis of p72 gene identified the ASFV in the current outbreak as genotype-II and IGR II variant consistent with ASFVs detected in India thus far. However, the sequence analysis of the Central Variable Region (CVR) of the B602L gene showed that the ASFVs circulating in Kerala (South India) formed a separate clade along with those found in Mizoram (North East India), while ASFVs circulating in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam states of India grouped in to different clade. This study represents the first investigation of ASF outbreak in South India, establishing the genetic relatedness of the ASFV circulating in this region with that in other parts of the country. The study also underscores the utility of the CVR of the B602L gene in genetically characterizing highly similar Genotype II ASFVs to understand the spread of ASF within the country.
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