ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2023
Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of highly pathogenic H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phylogeographic Analysis of Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in Serbia Reveals Repeated Introductions and Spread Across the Balkans.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nanopore sequencing in veterinary medicine: from concepts to clinical applications.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
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Abstract
Influenza A virus continues to represent a growing problem affecting mainly birds but with an increasing number of mammal transmission events reported each year. Nevertheless, molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of influenza A viruses originating from all confirmed cases have not been systematically performed in all parts of the world. In this study, we investigated a sample originating from a mute swan that died in November 2021 in the northern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina with RT-qPCR and whole genome sequencing using ONT MinION. It was diagnosed as a highly pathogenic Influenza A virus, subtype H5N1 of 2.3.4.4b clade, and phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence homology with other European HPAI H5N1 sequences at the time. The notable detected mutations in HA (N110S and T139P) and NA genes (H155Y), that facilitate the host specificity shift and enable the resistance to some antiviral drugs respectively, underscore the necessity of virus evolution surveillance. Therefore, the rapid dissemination of information, including virological and molecular data, is essential for the introduction of tailored prevention measures for infected animals, providing clearer insight and better awareness of a potential public health threat.
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