ArticleCell2023
Germinal centers output clonally diverse plasma cell populations expressing high- and low-affinity antibodies.
Article in Cell, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination with mRNA-encoded nanoparticles drives early maturation of HIV bnAb precursors in humans.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Trial
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Apoptotic Quality Control of Cellular Competence Limits Cryptic Germinal Center B Cell States.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Germinal Center Selection and Plasma Cell Differentiation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Plasma Cell Selection and Migration in the Establishment of Long-Lived Antibody Responses.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Highlights of 2025: Advances in the T-Cell Regulation of Germinal Center Response.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- SSR4 Sustains Tertiary Lymphoid Structures by Regulation Quality Control of N-linked Glycosylation During B-cell Differentiation Into Plasmacyte in Colorectal Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Ratio of Immunogenicity: A quantitative metric to identify highly immunogenic protein antigens to improve tissue-engineered biomaterials.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Germinal-centre and extrafollicular B cell pathways in systemic lupus erythematosus.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Chronic infection perturbs the affinity hierarchy of antiviral B cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Lymphocyte-derived cholinergic circuits modulate germinal center output and B cell activation.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Local antibody feedback enforces a checkpoint on affinity maturation in the germinal center and promotes epitope spreading.Immunity · 2026Article
- Extrafollicular and other non-germinal center B cell responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- A temporal and spatial atlas of adaptive immune responses in the lymph node following viral infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Not all plasma cells are made equal: well-hidden layers of heterogeneity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunological dysregulation of follicular helper T cells, follicular regulatory T cells, and follicular cytotoxic T cells is associated with disease activity and identifies exploratory immune patterns in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Spatial compartmentalization shapes distinct germinal center states during respiratory viral infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mastering Immunity: Antibody Feedback as a Driver of Germinal Center Fate and Vaccine Responses.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) form in lymph nodes after immunization or infection to facilitate antibody affinity maturation and memory and plasma cell (PC) development. PC differentiation is thought to involve stringent selection for GC B cells expressing the highest-affinity antigen receptors, but how this plays out during complex polyclonal responses is unclear. We combine temporal lineage tracing with antibody characterization to gain a snapshot of PCs developing during influenza infection. GCs co-mature B cell clones with antibody affinities spanning multiple orders of magnitude; however, each generates PCs with similar efficiencies, including weak binders. Within lineages, PC selection is not restricted to variants with the highest-affinity antibodies. Differentiation is commonly associated with proliferative expansion to produce "nodes" of identical PCs. Immunization-induced GCs generate fewer PCs but still of low- and high-antibody affinities. We propose that generating low-affinity antibody PCs reflects an evolutionary compromise to facilitate diverse serum antibody responses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.